Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Latent semantic analysis of facial action codes for automatic facial expression recognition
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A generative framework for real time object detection and classification
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Handbook of Face Recognition
Empathic painting: interactive stylization through observed emotional state
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
HCI'07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE international conference on Human-computer interaction
Particle filtering with factorized likelihoods for tracking facial features
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
A real-time automated system for the recognition of human facial expressions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Mixed Media Painting and Portraiture
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Fun with blow painting!: making leaf collages by blowing at toy windmill
Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
Making digital leaf collages with blow painting!
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Evaluation of emotional response to non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Creating and interpreting abstract visualizations of emotion
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
No photos harmed/growing paths from seed: an exhibition
NPAR '12 Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Stroke matching for paint dances
Computational Aesthetics'10 Proceedings of the Sixth international conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
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We combine a machine vision system that recognises emotions and a non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) system to automatically produce portraits which heighten the emotion of the sitter. To do this, the vision system analyses a short video clip of a person expressing an emotion, then tracks the movement of facial features and uses this tracking data to analyse which emotion was expressed and what the temporal dynamics of the expression were. The image where the emotion is expressed strongest, the location of the facial features in that image and a keyword describing the emotion detected are passed to the NPR software. This keyword is used to choose appropriate (simulated) art materials, colour palettes, abstraction methods and painting styles, so that the rendered image may heighten the emotion being expressed. We describe the vision and rendering systems and their combination, and provide examples of portraits produced in this emotionally aware fashion.