Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Stylization and abstraction of photographs
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Empathic painting: interactive stylization through observed emotional state
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Using NPR to evaluate perceptual shape cues in dynamic environments
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Structure-preserving manipulation of photographs
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Emotionally aware automated portrait painting
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
Informative or Misleading? Heatmaps Deconstructed
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Advanced gaze visualizations for three-dimensional virtual environments
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Stylized depiction of images based on depth perception
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Non-Photorealistic Rendering and the science of art
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Viewing progress in non-photorealistic rendering through Heinlein's lens
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Eyetracking Web Usability
Showing emotions through movement and symmetry
Computers in Human Behavior
Evaluation of emotional response to non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Portrait painting using active templates
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Aesthetic appraisal of art - from eye movements to computers
Computational Aesthetics'09 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Structure and aesthetics in non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
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Non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) algorithms are used to produce stylized images, and have generally been evaluated on the aesthetic qualities of the resulting images. NPR-produced images have been used for aesthetic and practical reasons in media intended to produce an emotional reaction in a consumer (e.g., computer games, films, advertisements, and web sites); however, it is not understood how non-photorealistic rendering affects the emotion portrayed in an image. We conducted a study of subjective emotional response and visual attention to five common NPR approaches, two blurring techniques, and the original image with 42 participants, and found that the NPR algorithms dampened participants' emotional responses in terms of arousal (activation) and valence (pleasure). Gaze data revealed that NPR rendering of images might reduce emotional response to an image by producing confusion, creating distracting visual artifacts, causing the loss of meaningful semantic information, or causing users to lose interest in the resulting image.