Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Processing images and video for an impressionist effect
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering for video and interaction
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
An algorithm for automatic painterly rendering based on local source image approximation
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Performance-driven hand-drawn animation
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Speech-driven cartoon animation with emotions
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Artistic Vision: painterly rendering using computer vision techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Almost Automatic Computer Painting
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
CGI '01 Computer Graphics International 2001
ICPR '02 Proceedings of the 16 th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'02) Volume 4 - Volume 4
Visual interest and NPR: an evaluation and manifesto
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Image and video based painterly animation
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Stroke Surfaces: Temporally Coherent Artistic Animations from Video
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Genetic paint: a search for salient paintings
EC'05 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Exploring emotions and multimodality in digitally augmented puppeteering
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
An interactive facial expression generation system
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Emotionally aware automated portrait painting
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Digital Interactive Media in Entertainment and Arts
Using affective trajectories to describe states of flow in interactive art
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Enterntainment Technology
Addressing the problems of data-centric physiology-affect relations modeling
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Engaging spect-actors with multimodal digital puppetry
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
Evaluation of emotional response to non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Supervised genetic search for parameter selection in painterly rendering
EuroGP'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
Expressive animated character sequences using knowledge-based painterly rendering
International Journal of Computer Games Technology
Creating and interpreting abstract visualizations of emotion
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Exploring the effect of color palette in painterly rendered character sequences
CAe '12 Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging
No photos harmed/growing paths from seed: an exhibition
NPAR '12 Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Affective Doodle: a painting tool reflecting user emotion
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Drawing with the eyes and face
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Brush stroke ordering techniques for painterly rendering
Computational Aesthetics'10 Proceedings of the Sixth international conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Computational Aesthetics'08 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
TouchCut: Fast image and video segmentation using single-touch interaction
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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We present the "empathic painting" --- an interactive painterly rendering whose appearance adapts in real time to reflect the perceived emotional state of the viewer. The empathic painting is an experiment into the feasibility of using high level control parameters (namely, emotional state) to replace the plethora of low-level constraints users must typically set to affect the output of artistic rendering algorithms. We describe a suite of Computer Vision algorithms capable of recognising users' facial expressions through the detection of facial action units derived from the FACS scheme. Action units are mapped to vectors within a continuous 2D space representing emotional state, from which we in turn derive a continuous mapping to the style parameters of a simple but fast segmentation-based painterly rendering algorithm. The result is a digital canvas capable of smoothly varying its painterly style at approximately 4 frames per second, providing a novel user interactive experience using only commodity hardware.