A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Feature-based image metamorphosis
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Retargetting motion to new characters
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Triangulating Simple Polygons and Equivalent Problems
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Digital Image Warping
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding Facial Expressions with Gabor Wavelets
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Facial Expression Decomposition
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Geometry-Driven Photorealistic Facial Expression Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Empathic painting: interactive stylization through observed emotional state
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Facial expressional image synthesis controlled by emotional parameters
Pattern Recognition Letters
Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
A topology preserving level set method for geometric deformable models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A highly automated method for facial expression synthesis
Transactions on edutainment V
Face-off: automatic alteration of facial features
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Data-driven facial expression synthesis via Laplacian deformation
Multimedia Tools and Applications
ICSR'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Social Robotics
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
How to generate vivid facial expressions by computers has been an interesting and challenging problem for a long time. Some research adopts an anatomical approach by studying the relationships between the expressions and the underlying bones and muscles. On the other hand, MPEG4's SNHC (synthetic/natural hybrid coding) provides mechanisms which allow detailed descriptions of facial expressions and animations. Unlike most existing approaches that ask a user to provide 3D head models, a set of reference images, detailed information of facial feature markers, numerous associated parameters, and/or even non-trivial user assistance, our proposed approach is simple, intuitive and interactive, and most importantly, it is still capable of generating vivid 2D facial expressions. With our system, a user is only required to give a single photo and spend a couple of seconds to roughly mark the positions of eyes, eyebrows and mouth in the photo, and then our system could trace more accurately the contours of these facial features through the technique of active contour. Different expressions can then be generated and morphed via the mesh warping algorithm. Another innovation of this paper is to propose a simple music emotion analysis algorithm, which is coupled with our system to further demonstrate the effectiveness of our facial expression generation. Through such an integration, our system could identify the emotions of a music piece, and display the corresponding emotions via aforementioned synthesized facial expressions. Experimental results show that in general the end-to-end facial generation time, from the time an input photo is given, to the time the final facial expressions are generated, is about 1 min.