Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Intelligent scissors for image composition
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast texture synthesis using tree-structured vector quantization
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Missing data correction in still images and image sequences
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Texture Synthesis by Non-Parametric Sampling
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Graphcut textures: image and video synthesis using graph cuts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Interactive digital photomontage
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Image completion with structure propagation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Soft scissors: an interactive tool for realtime high quality matting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Data-driven enhancement of facial attractiveness
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Face swapping: automatically replacing faces in photographs
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
An interactive facial expression generation system
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Pursuing or maintaining beautifulness nowadays has become a trend in modern society, especially among the celebrity community. In some cases, one may choose to adopt drastic procedures to alter his or her facial or body features to achieve the desired beauty, thus the blossom of industry on cosmetic plastic surgeries. In addition, people whose faces got damaged due to accidental burns or wounds may also find these surgeries necessary. However, as performing the related surgeries are still considered intrusive and costly, it is better to "preview" the result before a surgery is actually carried out. As many believe that facial appearance matters most, we have developed a system that allows a user to input a photo and changes the associated individual facial feature in an automatic and user-friendly manner. Overall speaking, our system makes contributions in the following four aspects. First, our system not only offers the previewing functionality, but also allows users to interactively fine-tune the desired results, thus making it a useful companion tool for facial cosmetic surgeries. Second, instead of exchanging the overall look of a face, as being done by some existing approaches, our system offers much finer granularity by allowing each and every facial feature to be changed individually and independently, thus achieving higher face-off flexibility. Third, while existing tools generally entail manual effort to locate or align facial features, our system, through the help of Active Shape Model or ASM for short, characterized by a scheme of automatic feature extraction, eliminates most of the needs of user assistance. Finally, for convenience, we have constructed a database of facial features to facilitate the facial feature alteration process. To justify our claims, we have rendered results and compared them with those from existing approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of our system. We have also conducted a user study to further confirm the usefulness of such a system.