A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Feature-based image metamorphosis
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interior point algorithms: theory and analysis
Interior point algorithms: theory and analysis
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Trainable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Computer Vision
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Realistic mouth synthesis based on shape appearance dependence mapping
Pattern Recognition Letters
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An example-based approach for facial expression cloning
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Geometry-driven photorealistic facial expression synthesis
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
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Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Towards an Example-Based Image Compression Architecture for Video-Conferencing
Towards an Example-Based Image Compression Architecture for Video-Conferencing
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SAICSIT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
Real-time expression cloning using appearance models
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
An interactive facial expression generation system
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Face/Off: live facial puppetry
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Emotional intensity-based facial expression cloning for low polygonal applications
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Adaptive Physics---Inspired Facial Animation
MIG '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Motion in Games
Example-based performance driven facial shape animation
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Re-mapping animation parameters between multiple types of facial model
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Synthesizing expressions using facial feature point tracking: how emotion is conveyed
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Affective interaction in natural environments
Bilinear kernel reduced rank regression for facial expression synthesis
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part II
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Expression transfer for facial sketch animation
Signal Processing
Content retargeting using parameter-parallel facial layers
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Comprehending and transferring facial expressions based on statistical shape and texture models
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Real-Time facial expression mapping for high resolution 3d meshes
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Image-based facial sketch-to-photo synthesis via online coupled dictionary learning
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A piece-wise learning approach to 3D facial animation
ICWL'07 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in web based learning
Detection of facial features on color face images
ACIIDS'12 Proceedings of the 4th Asian conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems - Volume Part I
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Synthesis of emotional expressions specific to facial structure
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Facial expression recognition in dynamic sequences: An integrated approach
Pattern Recognition
Machine Vision and Applications
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Expression mapping (also called performance driven animation) has been a popular method for generating facial animations. A shortcoming of this method is that it does not generate expression details such as the wrinkles due to skin deformations. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem. We have developed a geometry-driven facial expression synthesis system. Given feature point positions (the geometry) of a facial expression, our system automatically synthesizes a corresponding expression image that includes photorealistic and natural looking expression details. Due to the difficulty of point tracking, the number of feature points required by the synthesis system is, in general, more than what is directly available from a performance sequence. We have developed a technique to infer the missing feature point motions from the tracked subset by using an example-based approach. Another application of our system is expression editing where the user drags feature points while the system interactively generates facial expressions with skin deformation details.