A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Video Rewrite: driving visual speech with audio
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Expressive expression mapping with ratio images
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Trainable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sample-Based Synthesis of Photo-Realistic Talking Heads
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
MikeTalk: A Talking Facial Display Based on Morphing Visemes
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Face transfer with multilinear models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Transferable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Geometry-Driven Photorealistic Facial Expression Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Animatable facial reflectance fields
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Emotional intensity-based facial expression cloning for low polygonal applications
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
A review of active appearance models
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Gamer's facial cloning for online interactive games
International Journal of Computer Games Technology - Special issue on cyber games and interactive entertainment
Control of speech-related facial movements of an avatar from video
Speech Communication
Techniques for mimicry and identity blending using morph space PCA
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
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Active Appearance Models (AAMs) are generative parametric models commonly used to track, recognise and synthesise faces in images and video sequences. In this paper we describe a method for transferring dynamic facial gestures between subjects in real-time. The main advantages of our approach are that: 1) the mapping is computed automatically and does not require high-level semantic information describing facial expressions or visual speech gestures. 2) The mapping is simple and intuitive, allowing expressions to be transferred and rendered in real-time. 3) The mapped expression can be constrained to have the appearance of the target producing the expression, rather than the source expression imposed onto the target face. 4) Near-videorealistic talking faces for new subjects can be created without the cost of recording and processing a complete training corpus for each. Our system enables face-to-face interaction with an avatar driven by an AAM of an actual person in real-time and we show examples of arbitrary expressive speech frames cloned across different subjects.