Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The generic viewpoint assumption in a Bayesian framework
Perception as Bayesian inference
Processing images and video for an impressionist effect
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering effective route maps: improving usability through generalization
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
An invitation to discuss computer depiction
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Stylization and abstraction of photographs
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
CGI '01 Computer Graphics International 2001
User Studies: Why, How, and When?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Tutorial: A Survey of Stroke-Based Rendering
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Suggestive contours for conveying shape
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Human facial illustrations: Creation and psychophysical evaluation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Visual interest and NPR: an evaluation and manifesto
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Shape and Spatially-Varying BRDFs from Photometric Stereo
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Interactive 3D fluid jet painting
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Gaze-based interaction for semi-automatic photo cropping
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Computing is a natural science
Communications of the ACM - Creating a science of games
Isophote distance: a shading approach to artistic stroke thickness
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Line drawings via abstracted shading
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Apparent ridges for line drawing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Usability evaluation considered harmful (some of the time)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
How well do line drawings depict shape?
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
On expert performance in 3D curve-drawing tasks
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Programmable style for NPR line drawing
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Editorial: Special section on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (NPAR) 2010
Computers and Graphics
Evaluation of emotional response to non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Towards ground truth in geometric textures
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Feedback-guided stroke placement for a painting machine
CAe '12 Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization, and Imaging
Technical Section: Perceptual 3D rendering based on principles of analytical cubism
Computers and Graphics
Abstract painting with interactive control of perceptual entropy
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Real-time directional stylization of images and videos
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Artistic minimal rendering with lines and blocks
Graphical Models
Special Section on Expressive Graphics: Portrait drawing by Paul the robot
Computers and Graphics
Artificial mosaic generation with gradient vector flow and tile cutting
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Structure and aesthetics in non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
Post-processing NPR effects for video games
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
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I argue that Non-Photorealistic Rendering (NPR) research will play a key role in the scientific understanding of visual art and illustration. NPR can contribute to scientific understanding of two kinds of problems: how do artists create imagery, and how do observers respond to artistic imagery? I sketch out some of the open problems, how NPR can help, and what some possible theories might look like. Additionally, I discuss the thorny problem of how to evaluate NPR research and theories.