Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration

Authors:
Georges Winkenbach;David H. Salesin
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Venue:
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Year:
1994

Citing 14
Cited 150

An enhanced treatment of hidden lines

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Set operations on polyhedra using binary space partitioning trees

SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Near real-time shadow generation using BSP trees

SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automatic illustration of 3D geometric models: lines

I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes

SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A method of generating stone wall patterns

SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated generation of intent-based 3D Illustrations

Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Feature-based image metamorphosis

SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive pen-and-ink illustration

SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiresolution curves

SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The haloed line effect for hidden line elimination.

SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer drafting of stones, wood, plant and ground materials

SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
On visible surface generation by a priori tree structures

SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automatic illustration of 3D geometric models: surfaces

VIS '90 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Visualization '90

Interactive pen-and-ink illustration

SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artistic screening

SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Comic Chat

SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Image-guided streamline placement

SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations

SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink

SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering for animation

SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Assessing the effect of non-photorealistic rendered images in CAD

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Illustrating transparent surfaces with curvature-directed strokes

Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Illustrating surface shape in volume data via principal direction-driven 3D line integral convolution

Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiperspective panoramas for cel animation

Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration

Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time nonphotorealistic rendering

Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer-generated watercolor

Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Texture mapping for cel animation

Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A non-photorealistic lighting model for automatic technical illustration

Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes

Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visualizing diffusion tensor images of the mouse spinal cord

Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '98
Interactive technical illustration

I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Art-based rendering of fur, grass, and trees

Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visualizing multivalued data from 2D incompressible flows using concepts from painting

VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Stylized rendering techniques for scalable real-time 3D animation

NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Art-based rendering with continuous levels of detail

NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Observer dependent deformations in illustration

NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration of trees

Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Non-photorealistic virtual environments

Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
User-guided composition effects for art-based rendering

I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Volume illustration: non-photorealistic rendering of volume models

Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Pen-and-Ink rendering in volume visualisation

Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Image analogies

Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time hatching

Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hatching by example: a statistical approach

NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Fine tone control in hardware hatching

NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Hardware accelerated real time charcoal rendering

NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Hardware-accelerated parallel non-photorealistic volume rendering

NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
An invitation to discuss computer depiction

NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Direct volume rendering of photographic volumes using multi-dimensional color-based transfer functions

VISSYM '02 Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002
WYSIWYG NPR: drawing strokes directly on 3D models

Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Stylization and abstraction of photographs

Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Why use computers to make drawings?

C&C '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Creativity & cognition
Fast primitive distribution for illustration

EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Real-time halftoning: a primitive for non-photorealistic shading

EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Learning style translation for the lines of a drawing

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Non-photorealistic volume rendering using stippling techniques

Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
AtelierM: a physically based interactive system for creating traditional marbling textures

Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
A feature-based pencil drawing method

Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Automatic image-based pencil sketch rendering

Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Line Art Rendering via a Coverage of Isoparametric Curves

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Conveying the 3D Shape of Smoothly Curving Transparent Surfaces via Texture

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Line Art Illustrations of Parametric and Implicit Forms

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Volume Illustration: Nonphotorealistic Rendering of Volume Models

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Expressive Rendering: A Review of Nonphotorealistic Techniques

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Illustrative Interactive Stipple Rendering

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
View-dependent particles for interactive non-photorealistic rendering

GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Tutorial: A Survey of Stroke-Based Rendering

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image-based synthesis of Chinese landscape painting

Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Suggestive contours for conveying shape

ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
A stained glass image filter

EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Cubist Style Rendering from Photographs

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Human facial illustrations: Creation and psychophysical evaluation

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Perceptually based brush strokes for nonphotorealistic visualization

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Real-time per-pixel rendering with stroke textures

SCCG '03 Proceedings of the 19th spring conference on Computer graphics
Stylized rendering of 3D scanned real world environments

Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Rendering cracks in Batik

Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Example-based composite sketching of human portraits

Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Rendering complexity in computer-generated pen-and-ink illustrations

Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Real-time painterly rendering for MR applications

Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Interactive stylized silhouette for point-sampled geometry

Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Droplet: a virtual brush model to simulate Chinese calligraphy and painting

Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Virtual hairy brush for painterly rendering

Graphical Models
Real time loose and sketchy rendering in hardware

Proceedings of the 20th spring conference on Computer graphics
Photorealism or/and non-photorealism in augmented reality

VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
More optimal strokes for NPR sketching

GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Drawing the real

GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Real-time watercolor illustrations of plants using a blurred depth test

Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Real-time pencil rendering

Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Felt-based rendering

Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study

Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Recursive Wang tiles for real-time blue noise

ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Image enhancement by unsharp masking the depth buffer

ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Real-time video abstraction

ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Retargeting vector animation for small displays

MUM '05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia
Semantics-guided procedural rendering for woodcut maps

SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Posters
Line drawings from 3D models

SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
A programmable particle system framework for shape modeling

SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Technical Section: Humanistic Oriental art created using automated computer processing and non-photorealistic rendering

Computers and Graphics
Style Grammars for Interactive Visualization of Architecture

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Sketching, scaffolding, and inking: a visual history for interactive 3D modeling

Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Isophote distance: a shading approach to artistic stroke thickness

Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Highlight lines for conveying shape

Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Engaging viewers through nonphotorealistic visualizations

Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Illustration of complex real-world objects using images with normals

Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Dynamic 2D patterns for shading 3D scenes

ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Image-guided maze construction

ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Virtual woodcuts from images

Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia
Where do people draw lines?

ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Vector field contours

GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Partial visibility for stylized lines

NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Artistic thresholding

NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Stylized black and white images from photographs

NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Line drawings from 3D models

ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Richness-preserving manga screening

ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Line-art illustration of dynamic and specular surfaces

ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
NPR Lenses: Interactive Tools for Non-photorealistic Line Drawings

SG '07 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Smart Graphics
Animated drawings rendered by genetic programming

Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Stippling by example

Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
From image parsing to painterly rendering

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Technical Section: A simple normal enhancement technique for interactive non-photorealistic renderings

Computers and Graphics
Non-photorealistic rendering: unleashing the artist’s imagination

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications - Special issue on non-photorealistic rendering a virtual environment for teaching social skills
Programmable rendering of line drawing from 3D scenes

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A study on the dynamic painterly stroke generation for 3D animation

ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartIII
Non-Photorealistic Rendering and the science of art

NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Towards mapping the field of non-photorealistic rendering

NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Perceptually-motivated graphics, visualization and 3D displays

ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Courses
A texture-based approach for hatching color photographs

ISVC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part I
Animated construction of line drawings

Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Snaxels on a plane

Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Temporal noise control for sketchy animation

Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
XDoG: advanced image stylization with eXtended Difference-of-Gaussians

Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
UM-based image enhancement in low-light situations

CSS'11 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Circuits, systems and signals
Learning hatching for pen-and-ink illustration of surfaces

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A non-photorealistic rendering of seurat's pointillism

ISVC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Visual Computing - Volume Part II
Automatic stained glass rendering

CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Ridge-valley lines smoothing and optimizing

ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
SKIT: a computer-assisted sketch instruction tool

Edutainment'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
Vignette: interactive texture design and manipulation with freeform gestures for pen-and-ink illustration

Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Embroidery modeling and rendering

Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Combining sketch and tone for pencil drawing production

NPAR '12 Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Special Section on CANS: XDoG: An eXtended difference-of-Gaussians compendium including advanced image stylization

Computers and Graphics
Co-abstraction of shape collections

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Abstraction and depiction of sparsely scanned outdoor environments

Computational Aesthetics'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
A generative model for dynamic canvas motion

Computational Aesthetics'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Illustrative scientific visualization framework

Computational Aesthetics'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Composition principles for quality depiction and aesthetics

Computational Aesthetics'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Watercolor illustrations of CAD data

Computational Aesthetics'08 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Stylized vector art from 3D models with region support

EGSR'08 Proceedings of the Nineteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Programmable style for NPR line drawing

EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
PointWorks: abstraction and rendering of sparsely scanned outdoor environments

EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Geometric clustering for line drawing simplification

EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Stippling and silhouettes rendering in geometry-image space

EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Decoupling strokes and high-level attributes for interactive traditional drawing

EGWR'01 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Beyond photorealism

EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Segmentation-based 3D artistic rendering

EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Painting with texture

EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Directing gaze in 3D models with stylized focus

EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Hardware-accelerated stippling of surfaces derived from medical volume data

EUROVIS'07 Proceedings of the 9th Joint Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Visualization
Multi-Class Anisotropic Electrostatic Halftoning

Computer Graphics Forum
Technical Section: Pencil rendering on 3D meshes using convolution

Computers and Graphics
DTI in context: illustrating brain fiber tracts in situ

EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Depicting stylized materials with vector shade trees

ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings

Quantified Score

Hi-index	0.00

Visualization

Abstract

This paper describes the principles of traditional pen-and-ink illustration, and shows how a great number of them can be implemented as part of an automated rendering system. It introduces “stroke textures,” which can be used for achieving both texture and tone with line drawing. Stroke textures also allow resolution-dependent rendering, in which the choice of strokes used in an illustration is appropriately tied to the resolution of the target medium. We demonstrate these techniques using complex architectural models, including Frank Lloyd Wright's “Robie House.”