Texture descriptors based on co-occurrence matrices
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pyramid-based texture analysis/synthesis
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast texture synthesis using tree-structured vector quantization
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Parametric Texture Model Based on Joint Statistics of Complex Wavelet Coefficients
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special issue on statistical and computational theories of vision: modeling, learning, sampling and computing, Part I
Image quilting for texture synthesis and transfer
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time texture synthesis by patch-based sampling
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Hatching by example: a statistical approach
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Illustrative Interactive Stipple Rendering
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Texture Synthesis by Non-Parametric Sampling
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Graphcut textures: image and video synthesis using graph cuts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Wang Tiles for image and texture generation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Improving mid-tone quality of variable-coefficient error diffusion using threshold modulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Basic Gray Level Aura Matrices: Theory and its Application to Texture Synthesis
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
A spectral approach to NPR packing
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Recursive Wang tiles for real-time blue noise
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Minimax Entropy Principle and Its Application to Texture Modeling
Neural Computation
Measuring Stipple Aesthetics in Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Images
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Stipple placement using distance in a weighted graph
Computational Aesthetics'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Feature-guided image stippling
EGSR'08 Proceedings of the Nineteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Dynamic point distribution for stroke-based rendering
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
A few good samples: shape & tone depiction for Hermite RBF implicits
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Example-based stippling using a scale-dependent grayscale process
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Automated hedcut illustration using isophotes
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
Extended papers from NPAR 2010: Shape and tone depiction for implicit surfaces
Computers and Graphics
Extended papers from NPAR 2010: Scale-dependent and example-based grayscale stippling
Computers and Graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Structure-preserving stippling by priority-based error diffusion
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2011
Learning hatching for pen-and-ink illustration of surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
FatFonts: combining the symbolic and visual aspects of numbers
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
DTI in context: illustrating brain fiber tracts in situ
EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Technical Section: Interactive example-based hatching
Computers and Graphics
Generating pointillism paintings based on Seurat's color composition
EGSR '13 Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering
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In this work, we focus on stippling as an artistic style and discuss our technique for capturing and reproducing stipple features unique to an individual artist. We employ a texture synthesis algorithm based on the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of a texture field. This algorithm uses a texture similarity metric to generate stipple textures that are perceptually similar to input samples, allowing us to better capture and reproduce stipple distributions. First, we extract example stipple textures representing various tones in order to create an approximate tone map used by the artist. Second, we extract the stipple marks and distributions from the extracted example textures, generating both a lookup table of stipple marks and a texture representing the stipple distribution. Third, we use the distribution of stipples to synthesize similar distributions with slight variations using a numerical measure of the error between the synthesized texture and the example texture as the basis for replication. Finally, we apply the synthesized stipple distribution to a 2D grayscale image and place stipple marks onto the distribution, thereby creating a stippled image that is statistically similar to images created by the example artist.