Hierarchical Poisson disk sampling distributions
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '92
Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A simple and efficient error-diffusion algorithm
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Fast primitive distribution for illustration
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Non-photorealistic volume rendering using stippling techniques
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
Illustrative Interactive Stipple Rendering
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Tutorial: A Survey of Stroke-Based Rendering
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Stylized rendering of 3D scanned real world environments
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Visual interest and NPR: an evaluation and manifesto
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Interactive stylized silhouette for point-sampled geometry
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Detail Preserving Reproduction of Color Images for Monochromats and Dichromats
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Color2Gray: salience-preserving color removal
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Multi-scale line drawings from 3D meshes
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
A spectral approach to NPR packing
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Recursive Wang tiles for real-time blue noise
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Sketching, scaffolding, and inking: a visual history for interactive 3D modeling
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Measuring Stipple Aesthetics in Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Images
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Structure-aware error diffusion
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Example-based stippling using a scale-dependent grayscale process
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Least squares quantization in PCM
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Computational Aesthetics'05 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Stipple placement using distance in a weighted graph
Computational Aesthetics'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Feature-guided image stippling
EGSR'08 Proceedings of the Nineteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Stippling and silhouettes rendering in geometry-image space
EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Dynamic point distribution for stroke-based rendering
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Technical Section: Interactive example-based hatching
Computers and Graphics
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We present an example-based approach to synthesizing stipple illustrations for static 2D images that produces scale-dependent results appropriate for an intended spatial output size and resolution. We show how treating stippling as a grayscale process allows us to both produce on-screen output and to achieve stipple merging at medium tonal ranges. At the same time we can also produce images with high spatial and low color resolution for print reproduction. In addition, we discuss how to incorporate high-level illustration considerations into the stippling process based on discussions with and observations of a stipple artist. Also, certain features such as edges can be extracted and used to control the placement of dots to improve the result. The implementation of the technique is based on a fast method for distributing dots using halftoning and can be used to create stipple images interactively. We describe both a GPU implementation of the basic algorithm that creates stipple images in real-time for large images and an extended CPU method that allows a finer control of the output at interactive rates.