A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIAS, strokes interpreted animated sequences
Computer Graphics Forum
Automatic illustration of 3D geometric models: lines
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Computer-generated pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Scale-dependent reproduction of pen-and-ink illustrations
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering for animation
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Processing images and video for an impressionist effect
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An Operator Which Locates Edges in Digitized Pictures
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Artistic silhouettes: a hybrid approach
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Line direction matters: an argument for the use of principal directions in 3D line drawings
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
An algorithm for automatic painterly rendering based on local source image approximation
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Art-based rendering with continuous levels of detail
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Observational model of blenders and erasers in computer-generated pencil rendering
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Line Art Rendering via a Coverage of Isoparametric Curves
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Visualizing and Modeling Scattered Multivariate Data
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Expressive Rendering: A Review of Nonphotorealistic Techniques
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Anti-aliased line drawing using brush extrusion
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Sketching shiny surfaces: 3D shape extraction and depiction of specular surfaces
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Local face sketch synthesis learning
Neurocomputing
A novel technique for sketch to photo synthesis
Proceedings of the Seventh Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
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This paper presents an automatic image-based approach for converting grey-scale images to pencil sketches, in which strokes follow the image features. The algorithm first extracts a dense direction field automatically using Logical/Linear operators which embody the drawing mechanism. Next, a reconstruction approach based on a sampling-and-interpolation scheme is introduced to generate stroke paths from the direction field. Finally, pencil strokes are rendered along the specified paths with consideration of image tone and artificial illumination. As an important application, the technique is applied to render portraits from images with little user interaction. The experimental results demonstrate that the approach can automatically achieve compelling pencil sketches from reference images.