A Computational Approach to Edge Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast noise variance estimation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Face Detection in Color Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Invariant Fitting of Planar Objects by Primitives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Comparison of Algorithms for Connected Set Openings and Closings
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Human facial illustrations: Creation and psychophysical evaluation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Visual interest and NPR: an evaluation and manifesto
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
"GrabCut": interactive foreground extraction using iterated graph cuts
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Highlight lines for conveying shape
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Structure-preserving manipulation of photographs
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Line drawings via abstracted shading
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Realization of Seurat’s pointillism via non-photorealistic rendering
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Semi-automatic stencil creation through error minimization
NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Stylized black and white images from photographs
NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
A simple method for detecting salient regions
Pattern Recognition
Investigating the effect of real-time stylisation techniques on user task performance
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Face Photo-Sketch Synthesis and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
TurboPixels: Fast Superpixels Using Geometric Flows
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Knowledge from markers in watershed segmentation
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Towards artistic minimal rendering
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Non-Photorealistic Rendering and the science of art
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Artistic paper-cut of human portraits
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Global contrast based salient region detection
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Color Image Segmentation Based on Mean Shift and Normalized Cuts
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Composition principles for quality depiction and aesthetics
Computational Aesthetics'07 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Computational Aesthetics'08 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Visual Saliency Based on Scale-Space Analysis in the Frequency Domain
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-photorealistic rendering with spot colour
Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Aesthetics
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Many non-photorealistic rendering techniques exist to produce artistic effects from given images. Inspired by various artists, interesting effects can be produced by using a minimal rendering, where the minimum refers to the number of tones as well as the number and complexity of the primitives used for rendering. Our method is based on various computer vision techniques, and uses a combination of refined lines and blocks (potentially simplified), as well as a small number of tones, to produce abstracted artistic rendering with sufficient elements from the original image. We also considered a variety of methods to produce different artistic styles, such as colour and 2-tone drawings, and use semantic information to improve renderings for faces. By changing some intuitive parameters a wide range of visually pleasing results can be produced. Our method is fully automatic. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method with extensive experiments and a user study.