The mental rotation and perceived realism of computer-generated three-dimensional images
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Line direction matters: an argument for the use of principal directions in 3D line drawings
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Volume illustration: non-photorealistic rendering of volume models
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Evaluating space perception in NPR immersive environments
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Contour generators of evolving implicit surfaces
SM '03 Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
Interactive rendering of suggestive contours with temporal coherence
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
View direction, surface orientation and texture orientation for perception of surface shape
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Conveying three-dimensional shape with texture
APGV '04 Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Line drawings from volume data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Distance perception in real and virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Distance Perception and the Visual Horizon in Head-Mounted Displays
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
INFOVIS'03 Proceedings of the Ninth annual IEEE conference on Information visualization
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
How well do line drawings depict shape?
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Evaluation of emotional response to non-photorealistic images
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Chromatic shadows for improved perception
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
A dynamic noise primitive for coherent stylization
EGSR'10 Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics conference on Rendering
Exploiting perception for face analysis: image abstraction for head pose estimation
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Gloss perception in painterly and cartoon rendering
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Surface perception of planar abstractions
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP) - Special issue SAP 2013
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We present a psychophysical experiment to determine the effectiveness of perceptual shape cues for rigidly moving objects in an interactive, highly dynamic task. We use standard non-photorealistic (NPR) techniques to carefully separate and study shape cues common to many rendering systems. Our experiment is simple to implement, engaging and intuitive for participants, and sensitive enough to detect significant differences between individual shape cues. We demonstrate our experimental design with a user study. In that study, participants are shown 16 moving objects, 4 of which are designated targets, rendered in different shape-from-X styles. Participants select targets projected onto a touch-sensitive table. We find that simple Lambertian shading offers the best shape cue in our user study, followed by contours and, lastly, texturing. Further results indicate that multiple shape cues should be used with care, as these may not behave additively.