The mental rotation and perceived realism of computer-generated three-dimensional images
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Paint by numbers: abstract image representations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering parametric surfaces in pen and ink
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Illustrating transparency: communicating the 3D shape of layered transparent surfaces via texture
Illustrating transparency: communicating the 3D shape of layered transparent surfaces via texture
Assessing the effect of non-photorealistic rendered images in CAD
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Computer-generated floral ornament
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Harold: a world made of drawings
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Empirical evaluation of information visualizations: an introduction
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Empirical evaluation of information visualizations
User-guided composition effects for art-based rendering
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering effective route maps: improving usability through generalization
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Hardware-accelerated parallel non-photorealistic volume rendering
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Evaluating space perception in NPR immersive environments
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
SnakeToonz: a semi-automatic approach to creating cel animation from video
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Stylization and abstraction of photographs
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Application Visualization System: A Computational Environment for Scientific Visualization
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Knowledge-Based System for Visualization Design
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Expressive Rendering: A Review of Nonphotorealistic Techniques
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Interactive graphical communication
Data Mining and Data Visualization
Proceedings of the IEEE Visualization '95 Workshop on Database Issues for Data Visualization
Artistic Composition for Image Creation
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Designing effective step-by-step assembly instructions
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Computer generated Celtic design
EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
VIS '91 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Visualization '91
Human facial illustrations: Creation and psychophysical evaluation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Semiology of graphics
Gaze-based interaction for semi-automatic photo cropping
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGEVOlution
Engaging viewers through nonphotorealistic visualizations
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Abstraction of 2D shapes in terms of parts
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Computational Aesthetics 2008: Automatically mimicking unique hand-drawn pencil lines
Computers and Graphics
Abstraction of man-made shapes
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Evaluation of glyph-based multivariate scalar volume visualization techniques
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
The Design of Everyday Things
Editorial: Special section on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering (NPAR) 2010
Computers and Graphics
SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Sketches
Technical Section: Interactive example-based hatching
Computers and Graphics
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The field of non-photorealistic rendering is reaching a mature state. In its infancy, researchers explored the mimicry of methods and tools used by traditional artists to generate works of art, through techniques like watercolor or oil painting simulations. As the field has moved past mimicry, ideas from artists and artistic techniques have been adapted and altered for performance in the media of computer graphics, creating algorithmic aesthetics such as generative art or the automatic composition of objects in a scene, as well as abstraction in rendering and geometry. With these two initial stages of non-photorealistic rendering well established, the field must find new territory to cover. In this paper, we provide a high level overview of the past and current state of non-photorealistic rendering and call to arms the community to create the areas of research that make computation of non-photorealistic rendering generate never before realized results.