Adaptive forward differencing for rendering curves and surfaces
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Incremental computation of planar maps
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using Dynamic Programming for Solving Variational Problems in Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Solving the nearest-point-on-curve problem
Graphics gems
An algorithm for automatically fitting digitized curves
Graphics gems
An Efficiently Computable Metric for Comparing Polygonal Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A fast algorithm for active contours and curvature estimation
CVGIP: Image Understanding
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Interactive pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
TicTacToon: a paperless system for professional 2D animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Intelligent scissors for image composition
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SUSAN—A New Approach to Low Level Image Processing
International Journal of Computer Vision
Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Processing images and video for an impressionist effect
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computational geometry: algorithms and applications
Computational geometry: algorithms and applications
Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Art-based rendering of fur, grass, and trees
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tangible interaction + graphical interpretation: a new approach to 3D modeling
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling
Computer Graphics and Geometric Modeling
Constraint-Based Curve Manipulation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Hierarchical Model-Based Motion Estimation
ECCV '92 Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Computer Vision
Good Features to Track
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Keyframe-based tracking for rotoscoping and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Stroke Surfaces: Temporally Coherent Artistic Animations from Video
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Learning to Transform Time Series with a Few Examples
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Video puppetry: a performative interface for cutout animation
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Video Paintbox: The fine art of video painting
Computers and Graphics
Painterly animation using video semantics and feature correspondence
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Viewing progress in non-photorealistic rendering through Heinlein's lens
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
Anticipation effect generation for character animation
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Active strokes: coherent line stylization for animated 3D models
NPAR '12 Proceedings of the Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
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SnakeToonz is an interactive system that allows children and others untrained in cel animation to create two-dimensional cartoons from video streams and images. The ability to create cartoons has traditionally been limited to professional animation houses and trained artists. SnakeToonz aims to give anyone with a video camera and a computer the ability to create compelling cel animation. This is done by combining constraints of the cartooning medium with simple user input and analysis of that input.A cartoon is created in a dialogue with the system. After recording video material the user sketches contours directly onto the first frame of video. These sketches initialize a set of spline-based active contours which are relaxed to best fit the image and other aesthetic constraints. Small gaps are closed, and the user can choose colors for the cartoon. The system then uses motion estimation techniques to track these contours through the image sequence. The user remains in the process to edit the cartoon as it progresses.