Textons, the fundamental elements in preattentive vision and perception of textures
Readings in computer vision: issues, problems, principles, and paradigms
Interactive pen-and-ink illustration
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Drawing and animation using skeletal strokes
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Assessing the effect of non-photorealistic rendered images in CAD
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hatching by example: a statistical approach
NPAR '02 Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation
Non-Photorealistic Rendering
WYSIWYG NPR: drawing strokes directly on 3D models
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Learning style translation for the lines of a drawing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A Compact Model for Viewpoint Dependent Texture Synthesis
SMILE '00 Revised Papers from Second European Workshop on 3D Structure from Multiple Images of Large-Scale Environments
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, Second Ed.
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, Second Ed.
Non-photorealistic rendering in context: an observational study
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Measuring Stipple Aesthetics in Hand-Drawn and Computer-Generated Images
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Algorithm for computer control of a digital plotter
IBM Systems Journal
Mimicking hand-drawn pencil lines
Computational Aesthetics'08 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
Sketch interpretation and refinement using statistical models
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Viewing progress in non-photorealistic rendering through Heinlein's lens
NPAR '10 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Non-Photorealistic Animation and Rendering
A Stylized Approach for Pencil Drawing from Photographs
Computer Graphics Forum
Technical Section: Pencil rendering on 3D meshes using convolution
Computers and Graphics
Simple art as abstractions of photographs
Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Aesthetics
Special Section on Expressive Graphics: Portrait drawing by Paul the robot
Computers and Graphics
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In applications such as architecture, early design sketches containing accurate line drawings often mislead the target audience. Approximate human-drawn sketches are typically accepted as a better way of demonstrating fundamental design concepts. To this end we have designed an algorithm that creates lines that perceptually resemble human-drawn lines. Our algorithm works directly with input point data and a physically based mathematical model of human arm movement. Our algorithm generates unique lines of arbitrary length given the end points of a line, without relying on a database of human-drawn lines. We found that an observational analysis obtained through various user studies of human lines made a bigger impact on the algorithm than a statistical analysis. Additional studies have shown that the algorithm produces lines that are perceptually indistinguishable from that of a hand-drawn straight pencil line. A further expansion to the system resulted in mimicked dashed lines.