Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
An Affective Module for an Intelligent Tutoring System
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Unspoken rules of spoken interaction
Communications of the ACM - Human-computer etiquette
Etiquette and the design of educational technology
Communications of the ACM - Human-computer etiquette
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship
Wired for Speech: How Voice Activates and Advances the Human-Computer Relationship
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Gender-Specific Approaches to Developing Emotionally Intelligent Learning Companions
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Feedback Micro-engineering in EER-Tutor
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Modeling User Affect from Causes and Effects
UMAP '09 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: formerly UM and AH
An emotional agent in virtual learning environment
Transactions on edutainment IV
Evaluating an affective student model for intelligent learning environments
IBERAMIA'10 Proceedings of the 12th Ibero-American conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Towards Systems That Care: A Conceptual Framework based on Motivation, Metacognition and Affect
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Fifteen years of constraint-based tutors: what we have achieved and where we are going
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Tractable POMDP representations for intelligent tutoring systems
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) - Special section on agent communication, trust in multiagent systems, intelligent tutoring and coaching systems
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Research shows that emotions play an important role in learning. Human tutors are capable of identifying and responding to the affective states of their students; therefore, for ITSs to be truly affective, they should also be capable of tracking and appropriately responding to the emotional state of their users. We report on a project aimed at developing an affect-aware pedagogical agent persona for an ITS for teaching database design skills. We use the dimensional approach to affective modeling, and track the users' affective state along the valence dimension as identified from tracking the users' facial features. We describe the facial-feature tracking application we developed, as well as the set of rules that control the agent's behavior. The agent's response to the student's action depends on the student's cognitive state (as determined from the session history) as well as on the student's affective state. The experimental study of the agent shows the general preference towards the affective agent over the non-affective agent.