Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient Region Tracking With Parametric Models of Geometry and Illumination
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extraction of Visual Features for Lipreading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient, Robust and Accurate Fitting of a 3D Morphable Model
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Lucas-Kanade 20 Years On: A Unifying Framework
International Journal of Computer Vision
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Constructing and Fitting Active Appearance Models With Occlusion
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Multi-View AAM Fitting and Camera Calibration
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Closed-Form Solution to Non-Rigid Shape and Motion Recovery
International Journal of Computer Vision
Real-time combined 2D+3D active appearance models
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
The painful face: pain expression recognition using active appearance models
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Multi-View AAM Fitting and Construction
International Journal of Computer Vision
Multi-View AAM Fitting and Construction
International Journal of Computer Vision
The painful face - Pain expression recognition using active appearance models
Image and Vision Computing
Locating Facial Features and Pose Estimation Using a 3D Shape Model
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Learning a generic 3D face model from 2D image databases using incremental Structure-from-Motion
Image and Vision Computing
A discriminated correlation classifier for face recognition
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Social signal processing in depression
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Social signal processing
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Regression based automatic face annotation for deformable model building
Pattern Recognition
Generative face alignment through 2.5D active appearance models
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
3D shape regression for real-time facial animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
A review of motion analysis methods for human Nonverbal Communication Computing
Image and Vision Computing
EM-GPA: Generalized Procrustes analysis with hidden variables for 3D shape modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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Model-based face analysis is a general paradigm with applications that include face recognition, expression recognition, lip-reading, head pose estimation, and gaze estimation. A face model is first constructed from a collection of training data, either 2D images or 3D range scans. The face model is then fit to the input image(s) and the model parameters used in whatever the application is. Most existing face models can be classified as either 2D (e.g. Active Appearance Models) or 3D (e.g. Morphable Models). In this paper we compare 2D and 3D face models along three axes: (1) representational power, (2) construction, and (3) real-time fitting. For each axis in turn, we outline the differences that result from using a 2D or a 3D face model.