Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Facial feature detection using Haar classifiers
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
Development of facial expression training system
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Human interface: Part I
Development and application of facial expression training system
USAB'07 Proceedings of the 3rd Human-computer interaction and usability engineering of the Austrian computer society conference on HCI and usability for medicine and health care
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This paper presents an adaptive lip feature point detection algorithm for the proposed real-time smile training system using visual instructions. The proposed algorithm can detect a lip feature point irrespective of lip color with minimal user participation, such as drawing a line on a lip on the screen. Therefore, the proposed algorithm supports adaptive feature detection by real-time analysis for a color histogram. Moreover, we develop a supportive guide model as visual instructions for the target expression. By using the guide model, users can train their smile expression intuitively because they can easily identify the differences between their smile and target expression. We also allow users to experience the smile training system using the proposed methods and we evaluated the effectiveness of these methods through usability tests. As experimental results, the proposed algorithm for feature detection had 3.4 error pixels and we found that the proposed methods could be an effective approach for training smile expressions in real-time processing.