Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Accurate and quasi-automatic lip tracking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Parametric models for facial features segmentation
Signal Processing
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
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A novel and efficient approach to facial expression classification based on the belief theory and data fusion is presented and discussed. The considered expressions correspond to three (joy, surprise, disgust) of the six universal emotions as well as the neutral expression. A robust contour segmentation technique is used to generate an expression skeleton with facial permanent features (mouth, eyes and eyebrows). This skeleton is used to determine the facial features deformations occurring when an expression is present on the face defining a set of characteristic distances. In order to be able to recognize “pure” as well as “mixtures” of facial expressions, a belief-theory based fusion process is proposed. The performances and the limits of the proposed recognition method are highlighted thanks to the analysis of a great number of results on three different test databases: the Hammal-Caplier database, the Cohn-Kanade database and the Cottrel database. Preliminary results demonstrate the interest of the proposed approach, as well as its ability to recognize non separable facial expressions.