IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Facial expression recognition: a clustering-based approach
Pattern Recognition Letters
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Classifying Facial Attributes Using a 2-D Gabor Wavelet and Discriminant Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Automatic recognition of facial expressions using hidden markov models and estimation of expression intensity
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Static topographic modeling for facial expression recognition and analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Robust feature detection for facial expression recognition
Journal on Image and Video Processing
Introduction to Information Retrieval
Introduction to Information Retrieval
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Manifold based analysis of facial expression
Image and Vision Computing
Dynamics of facial expression extracted automatically from video
Image and Vision Computing
Facial expression recognition on multiple manifolds
Pattern Recognition
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
Appearance manifold of facial expression
ICCV'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computer Vision in Human-Computer Interaction
Facial action recognition for facial expression analysis from static face images
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
This paper presents a method for the recognition of the six basic facial expressions in images or in image sequences using landmark points. The proposed technique relies on the observation that the vectors formed by the landmark point coordinates belong to a different manifold for each of the expressions. In addition experimental measurements validate the hypothesis that each of these manifolds can be decomposed to a small number of linear subspaces of very low dimension. This yields a parameterization of the manifolds that allows for computing the distance of a feature vector from each subspace and consequently from each one of the six manifolds. Two alternative classifiers are next proposed that use the corresponding distances as input: the first one is based on the minimum distance from the manifolds, while the second one uses SVMs that are trained with the vector of all distances from each subspace. The proposed technique is tested for two scenarios, the subject-independent and the subject-dependent one. Extensive experiments for each scenario have been performed on two publicly available datasets yielding very satisfactory expression recognition accuracy.