Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Comprehensive Database for Facial Expression Analysis
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Exact indexing of dynamic time warping
Knowledge and Information Systems
Active and Dynamic Information Fusion for Facial Expression Understanding from Image Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fully Automatic Facial Action Recognition in Spontaneous Behavior
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Dynamic Texture Recognition Using Local Binary Patterns with an Application to Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An active model for facial feature tracking
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Expression recognition using fuzzy spatio-temporal modeling
Pattern Recognition
Authentic facial expression analysis
Image and Vision Computing
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Facial expression recognition based on Local Binary Patterns: A comprehensive study
Image and Vision Computing
Real-time facial expression recognition using STAAM and layered GDA classifier
Image and Vision Computing
Emotion recognition from facial expressions and its control using fuzzy logic
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Facial expression recognition on multiple manifolds
Pattern Recognition
Person-Specific Face Shape Estimation under Varying Head Pose from Single Snapshots
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Local binary patterns for multi-view facial expression recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Expression recognition in videos using a weighted component-based feature descriptor
SCIA'11 Proceedings of the 17th Scandinavian conference on Image analysis
Facial expression recognition using spatiotemporal boosted discriminatory classifiers
ICIAR'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
Recognition of facial expressions and measurement of levels of interest from video
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
On Appearance Based Face and Facial Action Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Dynamic Facial Expression Analysis and Synthesis With MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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In this paper, we address the analysis and recognition of facial expressions in continuous videos. More precisely, we study classifiers performance that exploit head pose independent temporal facial action parameters. These are provided by an appearance-based 3D face tracker that simultaneously provides the 3D head pose and facial actions. The use of such tracker makes the recognition pose- and texture-independent. Two different schemes are studied. The first scheme adopts a dynamic time warping technique for recognizing expressions where training data are given by temporal signatures associated with different universal facial expressions. The second scheme models temporal signatures associated with facial actions with fixed length feature vectors (observations), and uses some machine learning algorithms in order to recognize the displayed expression. Experiments quantified the performance of different schemes. These were carried out on CMU video sequences and home-made video sequences. The results show that the use of dimension reduction techniques on the extracted time series can improve the classification performance. Moreover, these experiments show that the best recognition rate can be above 90%.