Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Region Competition: Unifying Snakes, Region Growing, and Bayes/MDL for Multiband Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Contour Tracking in Clutter: A Subset Approach
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Extraction of Visual Features for Lipreading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
International Journal of Computer Vision
Visual speech recognition using active shape models and hidden Markov models
ICASSP '96 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1996. on Conference Proceedings., 1996 IEEE International Conference - Volume 02
Automatic snakes for robust lip boundaries extraction
ICASSP '99 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06
A new optimization procedure for extracting the point-based lip contour using active shape model
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Colour and Geometric based Model for Lip Localisation: Application for Lip-reading System
ICIAP '07 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Automatic lip contour extraction from color images
Pattern Recognition
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Robust lip contour extraction using separability of multi-dimensional distributions
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Recent advances and trends in visual tracking: A review
Neurocomputing
Attractor-Guided particle filtering for lip contour tracking
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Unsupervised segmentation based on robust estimation and color active contour models
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Segmentation of color lip images by spatial fuzzy clustering
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Lip image segmentation using fuzzy clustering incorporating an elliptic shape function
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Discriminative Analysis of Lip Motion Features for Speaker Identification and Speech-Reading
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image Segmentation Using Active Contours Driven by the Bhattacharyya Gradient Flow
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Localizing Region-Based Active Contours
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Accurate and quasi-automatic lip tracking
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Lip tracking has played a significant role in a lip reading system. In this paper, we present a local region based approach to lip tracking, which consists of two phases: (i) lip contour extraction for the first lip frame, and followed by (ii) lip tracking in the subsequent lip frames. Initially, we construct a localized color active color model provided that the foreground and background regions around the object are locally different in color space. In the first phase, we find a combined semi-ellipse around the lip as the initial evolving curve and compute the localized energies for curve evolution such that the lip image is separated into lip and non-lip regions. Then, we utilize a 16-point deformable model (Wang et al., 2004 [20]) with geometric constraint to achieve lip contour extraction. In the second phase, we present a dynamic selection of the radius of local regions associated with the extracted lip contour of the previous frame to realize lip tracking. The proposed approach not only adapts to the lip movement, but it is also robust against the appearance of teeth, tongue and black hole. Extensive experiments show the efficiency of the proposed lip tracking algorithm in comparison with the existing methods.