The vocabulary problem in human-system communication
Communications of the ACM
Automatic extraction of face-features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition
Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition
Application of the Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for the Characterization of Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Recognition by Linear Combinations of Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part I
Synchronization in virtual realities
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Visual tracking of high DOF articulated structures: an application to human hand tracking
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the third European conference on Computer Vision (Vol. II)
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
The nature of statistical learning theory
The nature of statistical learning theory
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Learning to track the visual motion of contours
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computer vision
An active vision architecture based on iconic representations
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computer vision
Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence Review - Special issue on integration of natural language and vision processing: recent advances
Task-Specific Gesture Analysis in Real-Time Using Interpolated Views
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Design principles for intelligent environments
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition Using Desk and Wearable Computer Based Video
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Modeling and prediction of human behavior
Neural Computation
The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Digital Representations of Human Movement
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Image Understanding Workshop 1990
Image Understanding Workshop 1990
Calibration-Free Augmented Reality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Reality Modeling and Visualization from Multiple Video Sequences
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multi-Modal Tracking of Faces for Video Communications
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
LAFTER: Lips and Face Real-Time Tracker
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Pedestrian Detection Using Wavelet Templates
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
3-D model-based tracking of humans in action: a multi-view approach
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Model-based estimation of 3D human motion with occlusion based on active multi-viewpoint selection
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Neural Network-Based Face Detection
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Tracking People with Twists and Exponential Maps
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Using Adaptive Tracking to Classify and Monitor Activities in a Site
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Probabilistic Modeling of Local Appearance and Spatial Relationships for Object Recognition
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Visual Interaction With Lifelike Characters
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Invited Speech: "Gestural Interface to a visual computing Environment for Molecular biologists"
FG '96 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG '96)
Facial Image Reconstruction by Estimated Muscle Parameter
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Manipulative Hand Gesture Recognition Using Task Knowledge for Human Computer Interaction
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Beyond Eigenfaces: Probabilistic Matching for Face Recognition
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Dynamic Models of Human Motion
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
“Put-that-there”: Voice and gesture at the graphics interface
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Video Surveillance of Interactions
VS '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Visual Surveillance
Real-Time Object Tracking from a Moving Video Camera: A Software Approach on a PC
WACV '98 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)
Moving Target Classification and Tracking from Real-time Video
WACV '98 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV'98)
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Development of a Commercially Successful Wearable Data Collection System
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Augment-able Reality: Situated Communication through Physical and Digital Spaces
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Mixtures of Eigenfeatures for Real-Time Structure from Texture
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Constructing Virtual Worlds Using Dense Stereo
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Probabilistic Object Recognition Using Multidimensional Receptive Field Histograms
ICPR '96 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
The KidsRoom: A Perceptually-Based Interactive and Immersive Story Environment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Smart Cameras as Embedded Systems
Computer
Personal Contextual Awareness through Visual Focus
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A Headset-Based Minimized Wearable Computer
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Achieving effective floor control with a low-bandwidth gesture-sensitive videoconferencing system
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Detection of Frontal Faces in Video Streams
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the International ECCV 2002 Workshop Copenhagen on Biometric Authentication
Mental Characteristics of Person as Basic Biometrics
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the International ECCV 2002 Workshop Copenhagen on Biometric Authentication
Face Direction Estimation Using Multiple Cameras for Human Computer Interaction
ICMI '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Multimodal Interfaces
A Fault-Tolerant Distributed Vision System Architecture for Object Tracking in a Smart Room
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Computer Vision Systems
A New Model and Process Architecture for Facial Expression Recognition
Proceedings of the Joint IAPR International Workshops on Advances in Pattern Recognition
ViRoom - Low Cost Synchronized Multicamera System and Its Self-calibration
Proceedings of the 24th DAGM Symposium on Pattern Recognition
Collaborative Context Recognition for Handheld Devices
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Illumination Normalization for Robust Face Recognition Against Varying Lighting Conditions
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Special issue on face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Human motion analysis for biomechanics and biomedicine
Machine Vision and Applications - Special issue: Human modeling, analysis, and synthesis
Person identification from heavily occluded face images
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Automatic Sign Language Analysis: A Survey and the Future beyond Lexical Meaning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face and body gesture recognition for a vision-based multimodal analyzer
VIP '05 Proceedings of the Pan-Sydney area workshop on Visual information processing
Affective multimodal human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
'Affective' computing and emotion recognition systems: the future of biometric surveillance?
InfoSecCD '05 Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Information security curriculum development
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
A Field Model for Human Detection and Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Enhanced methods in computer security, biometric and artificial intelligence systems
Enhanced methods in computer security, biometric and artificial intelligence systems
Integrating multiple levels of zoom to enable activity analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
An efficient illumination normalization method for face recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
From multi-sensor surveillance towards smart interactive spaces
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Tierra Inhospita: exploring a virtual world with your face
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Movement-based interactive dance performance
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Face detection using discriminating feature analysis and Support Vector Machine
Pattern Recognition
Interest Operator versus Gabor filtering for facial imagery classification
Pattern Recognition Letters
ENCARA2: Real-time detection of multiple faces at different resolutions in video streams
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection Using Mixture of MLP Experts
Neural Processing Letters
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Robust face imagematching under illumination variations
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Image and Vision Computing
Taiwan sign language (TSL) recognition based on 3D data and neural networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Synthetic data generation technique in Signer-independent sign language recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Mind and Body: Dialogue and Posture for Affect Detection in Learning Environments
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Technology Rich Learning Contexts That Work
Detecting, tracking and interacting with people in a public space
Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Hand tracking in bimanual movements
Image and Vision Computing
Face recognition using optimal linear components of range images
Image and Vision Computing
System and software architectures of distributed smart cameras
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Recognition of hand movements using wearable accelerometers
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Classification of facial expressions using K-nearest neighbor classifier
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Human robot interaction based on Bayesian analysis of human movements
EPIA'07 Proceedings of the aritficial intelligence 13th Portuguese conference on Progress in artificial intelligence
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Combining monoSLAM with object recognition for scene augmentation using a wearable camera
Image and Vision Computing
Challenges of human behavior understanding
HBU'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Human behavior understanding
Gaze-X: adaptive, affective, multimodal interface for single-user office scenarios
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Face recognition under variable lighting using harmonic image exemplars
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Visual object tracking by an evolutionary self-organizing neural network
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology - Evolutionary neural networks for practical applications
Evolving a self-organizing feature map for visual object tracking
WSOM'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Advances in self-organizing maps
An improvement on PCA algorithm for face recognition
ISNN'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
Visual based human motion analysis: mapping gestures using a Puppet model
EPIA'05 Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese conference on Progress in Artificial Intelligence
Improvement on PCA and 2DPCA algorithms for face recognition
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Dynamically visual learning for people identification with sparsely distributed cameras
SCIA'05 Proceedings of the 14th Scandinavian conference on Image Analysis
Cue combination for robust real-time multiple face detection at different resolutions
EUROCAST'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory
Face recognition based on generalized canonical correlation analysis
ICIC'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Advances in Intelligent Computing - Volume Part II
Ambient Intelligence in Everyday Life
An analysis of facial description in static images and video streams
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part I
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Recognition of hand movements using wearable accelerometers
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Hi4D-ADSIP 3-D dynamic facial articulation database
Image and Vision Computing
| Hi-index | 0.15 |
The research topic of looking at people, that is, giving machines the ability to detect, track, and identify people and more generally, to interpret human behavior, has become a central topic in machine vision research. Initially thought to be the research problem that would be hardest to solve, it has proven remarkably tractable and has even spawned several thriving commercial enterprises. The principle driving application for this technology is 驴fourth generation驴 embedded computing: 驴smart驴' environments and portable or wearable devices. The key technical goals are to determine the computer's context with respect to nearby humans (e.g., who, what, when, where, and why) so that the computer can act or respond appropriately without detailed instructions. This paper will examine the mathematical tools that have proven successful, provide a taxonomy of the problem domain, and then examine the state-of-the-art. Four areas will receive particular attention: person identification, surveillance/monitoring, 3D methods, and smart rooms/perceptual user interfaces. Finally, the paper will discuss some of the research challenges and opportunities.