Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics
Fundamentals of interactive computer graphics
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Visual learning and recognition of 3-D objects from appearance
International Journal of Computer Vision
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition: The Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What Is the Set of Images of an Object Under All Possible Illumination Conditions?
International Journal of Computer Vision
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Looking at People: Sensing for Ubiquitous and Wearable Computing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiple view geometry in computer visiond
Multiple view geometry in computer visiond
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Identification by Fitting a 3D Morphable Model Using Linear Shape and Texture Error Functions
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Face Reconstruction Using a Small Set of Feature Points
BMVC '00 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision
Fusion of 2D Face Alignment and 3D Head Pose Estimation for Robust and Real-Time Performance
RATFG-RTS '99 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) Database
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Illumination Modeling and Normalization for Face Recognition
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
A Robust Algorithm for 3D Head Pose Estimation
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Acquiring Linear Subspaces for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Illuminating light field: image-based face recognition across illuminations and poses
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Face recognition under variable lighting using harmonic image exemplars
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Face recognition from a single image per person: A survey
Pattern Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Identifying faces across variations in lighting: Psychophysics and computation
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
A method of illumination compensation for human face image based on quotient image
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Pose-encoded spherical harmonics for face recognition and synthesis using a single image
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Apperance-Based Tracking and Face Identification in Video Sequences
AMDO '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
CAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Asia Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
Estimating Facial Reflectance Properties Using Shape-from-Shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
Eigendecomposition of images correlated on S1, S2, and SO(3) using spectral theory
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
An illustration of eigenspace decomposition for illumination invariant pose estimation
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Canonical Stiefel quotient and its application to generic face recognition in illumination spaces
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
Human-robot interfaces for social interaction
International Journal of Robotics and Automation
Specularity removal for enhancing face recognition
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Model-based shape recovery from single images of general and unknown lighting
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Lighting aware preprocessing for face recognition across varying illumination
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part II
Automatic face interpretation using fast 3D illumination-based AAM models
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Face recognition based on 2D images under illumination and pose variations
Pattern Recognition Letters
Eigenlights: recovering illumination from face images
IDEAL'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent data engineering and automated learning
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision - Volume part II
Cross-pose face recognition based on partial least squares
Pattern Recognition Letters
Driving 3D morphable models using shading cues
Pattern Recognition
Selection of wavelet subbands using genetic algorithm for face recognition
ICVGIP'06 Proceedings of the 5th Indian conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Class dependent factor analysis and its application to face recognition
Pattern Recognition
Model-based ambient occlusion for inverse rendering
ICIAR'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
Separability oriented preprocessing for illumination-insensitive face recognition
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part VII
Illumination normalization using self-lighting ratios for 3d2d face recognition
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Adaptive discriminant learning for face recognition
Pattern Recognition
Pose invariant face recognition using biological inspired features based on ensemble of classifiers
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Retrieval of high-dimensional visual data: current state, trends and challenges ahead
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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In this paper, we propose two novel methods for face recognition under arbitrary unknown lighting by using spherical harmonics illumination representation, which require only one training image per subject and no 3D shape information. Our methods are based on the recent result which demonstrated that the set of images of a convex Lambertian object obtained under a wide variety of lighting conditions can be approximated accurately by a low-dimensional linear subspace. We provide two methods to estimate the spherical harmonic basis images spanning this space from just one image. Our first method builds the statistical model based on a collection of 2D basis images. We demonstrate that, by using the learned statistics, we can estimate the spherical harmonic basis images from just one image taken under arbitrary illumination conditions if there is no pose variation. Compared to the first method, the second method builds the statistical models directly in 3D spaces by combining the spherical harmonic illumination representation and a 3D morphable model of human faces to recover basis images from images across both poses and illuminations. After estimating the basis images, we use the same recognition scheme for both methods: we recognize the face for which there exists a weighted combination of basis images that is the closest to the test face image. We provide a series of experiments that achieve high recognition rates, under a wide range of illumination conditions, including multiple sources of illumination. Our methods achieve comparable levels of accuracy with methods that have much more onerous training data requirements. Comparison of the two methods is also provided.