Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Capturing Subtle Facial Motions in 3D Face Tracking
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression Database
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Manifold Based Analysis of Facial Expression
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Three-Dimensional Face Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A 3D Facial Expression Database For Facial Behavior Research
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Image-driven re-targeting and relighting of facial expressions
CGI '05 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 2005
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Expression-invariant 3D face recognition
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Probabilistic expression analysis on manifolds
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Synthesis and recognition of facial expressions in virtual 3D views
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
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Facial expression modeling is central to facial expression recognition and expression synthesis for facial animation. Previous works reported that modeling the facial expression with low-dimensional manifold is more appropriate than using a linear subspace. In this paper, we propose a manifold-based 3D face reconstruction approach to estimating the 3D face model and the associated expression deformation from a single face image. In the training phase, we build a nonlinear 3D expression manifold from a large set of 3D facial expression models to represent the facial shape deformations due to facial expressions. Then a Gaussian mixture model in this manifold is learned to represent the distribution of expression deformation. By combining the merits of morphable neutral face model and the low-dimensional expression manifold, we propose a new algorithm to reconstruct the 3D face geometry as well as the 3D shape deformation from a single face image with expression in an energy minimization framework. Experimental results on CMU-PIE image database and FG-Net video database are shown to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.