A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Uniqueness in shape from shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
Generalization of the Lambertian model and implications for machine vision
International Journal of Computer Vision
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Illumination for computer generated pictures
Communications of the ACM
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Symmetric Shape-from-Shading Using Self-ratio Image
International Journal of Computer Vision
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Recovering 3-D shape and reflectance from a small number of photographs
EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Machine Vision and Applications - Special issue: Human modeling, analysis, and synthesis
The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression Database
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Reflectance from Images: A Model-Based Approach for Human Faces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Example-Based Photometric Stereo: Shape Reconstruction with General, Varying BRDFs
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Generic and Provably Convergent Shape-from-Shading Method for Orthographic and Pinhole Cameras
International Journal of Computer Vision
Estimating the surface radiance function from single images
Graphical Models - Special issue: Vision and computer graphics
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
A New Formulation for Shape from Shading for Non-Lambertian Surfaces
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics
International Journal of Computer Vision
Numerical methods for shape-from-shading: A new survey with benchmarks
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Color Subspaces as Photometric Invariants
International Journal of Computer Vision
Two-dimensional BRDF estimation from polarisation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A new framework for grayscale and colour non-lambertian shape-from-shading
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Molding face shapes by example
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
A spectral BSSRDF for shading human skin
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
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In this paper we show how to estimate facial surface reflectance properties (a slice of the BRDF and the albedo) in conjunction with the facial shape from a single image. The key idea underpinning our approach is to iteratively interleave the two processes of estimating reflectance properties based on the current shape estimate and updating the shape estimate based on the current estimate of the reflectance function. For frontally illuminated faces, the reflectance properties can be described by a function of one variable which we estimate by fitting a curve to the scattered and noisy reflectance samples provided by the input image and estimated shape. For non-frontal illumination, we fit a smooth surface to the scattered 2D reflectance samples. We make use of a novel statistical face shape constraint which we term `model-based integrability' which we use to regularise the shape estimation. We show that the method is capable of recovering accurate shape and reflectance information from single grayscale or colour images using both synthetic and real world imagery. We use the estimated reflectance measurements to render synthetic images of the face in varying poses. To synthesise images under novel illumination, we show how to fit a parametric model of reflectance to the estimated reflectance function.