Reflection from layered surfaces due to subsurface scattering
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pyramid-based texture analysis/synthesis
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling and rendering architecture from photographs: a hybrid geometry- and image-based approach
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Non-linear approximation of reflectance functions
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures
SIGGRAPH '77 Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A lighting reproduction approach to live-action compositing
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A rapid hierarchical rendering technique for translucent materials
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling and Rendering for Realistic Facial Animation
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000
An Illumination Model for a Skin Layer Bounded by Rough Surfaces
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Image-Based Reconstruction of Spatially Varying Materials
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
A Multi-Layered Reflection Model of Natural Human Skin
CGI '01 Computer Graphics International 2001
MVIEW '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Multi-View Modeling & Analysis of Visual Scenes
Recovering 3-D shape and reflectance from a small number of photographs
EGRW '03 Proceedings of the 14th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Machine Vision and Applications - Special issue: Human modeling, analysis, and synthesis
Realistic human face rendering for "The Matrix Reloaded"
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Efficient BRDF importance sampling using a factored representation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
DISCO: acquisition of translucent objects
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Texture Analysis and Synthesis
ABF++: fast and robust angle based flattening
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Efficiently combining positions and normals for precise 3D geometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Performance relighting and reflectance transformation with time-multiplexed illumination
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Texture design using a simplicial complex of morphable textures
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Light diffusion in multi-layered translucent materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Modeling and rendering of quasi-homogeneous materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Real-time skin rendering on graphics hardware
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Performance geometry capture for spatially varying relighting
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Animatable facial reflectance fields
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Experimental analysis of BRDF models
EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Image-based BRDF measurement including human skin
EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Post-production facial performance relighting using reflectance transfer
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Photorealistic facial reconstruction of Ramses II for virtual sets
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 posters
Hair photobooth: geometric and photometric acquisition of real hairstyles
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Advanced material appearance modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Principles of appearance acquisition and representation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Practical modeling and acquisition of layered facial reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A layered, heterogeneous reflectance model for acquiring and rendering human skin
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
The Appearance of Human Skin: A Survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Motion in Games
Instant Casting Movie Theater: The Future Cast System
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
“Dive into the Movie” Audience-Driven Immersive Experience in the Story
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
SubEdit: a representation for editing measured heterogeneous subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Visio-lization: generating novel facial images
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
One-click white balance using human skin reflectance
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Entropy Minimization for Shadow Removal
International Journal of Computer Vision
Principles of Appearance Acquisition and Representation
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 Courses
Advanced material appearance modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
Estimating Facial Reflectance Properties Using Shape-from-Shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
Crystal vision-applications of point groups in computer vision
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Physical reproduction of materials with specified subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
A coaxial optical scanner for synchronous acquisition of 3D geometry and surface reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Face image enhancement using 3D and spectral information
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Perception of linear and nonlinear motion properties using a FACS validated 3D facial model
Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
A practical appearance model for dynamic facial color
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
A real-time interactive system for facial makeup of Peking Opera
Transactions on edutainment IV
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Facial cartography: interactive scan correspondence
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Multiview face capture using polarized spherical gradient illumination
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Measuring and modeling of multi-layered subsurface scattering for human skin
Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Virtual and mixed reality: new trends - Volume Part I
Instant movie casting with personality: Dive into the movie system
Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Virtual and mixed reality: systems and applications - Volume Part II
Face image enhancement taking into account lighting behavior on a face
CAIP'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns - Volume Part II
Driving 3D morphable models using shading cues
Pattern Recognition
Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Adaptive surface splatting for facial rendering
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Estimating specular roughness and anisotropy from second order spherical gradient illumination
EGSR'09 Proceedings of the Twentieth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Efficient rendering of human skin
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Rapid acquisition of specular and diffuse normal maps from polarized spherical gradient illumination
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Procedural editing of bidirectional texture functions
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
A spectral BSSRDF for shading human skin
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Integrated high-quality acquisition of geometry and appearance for cultural heritage
VAST'11 Proceedings of the 12th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
Fabricating translucent materials using continuous pigment mixtures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Practical SVBRDF capture in the frequency domain
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Augmenting physical avatars using projector-based illumination
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
An optimisation approach to the recovery of reflection parameters from a single hyperspectral image
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and -- since we do not use the original measured data -- easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.