Texture and reflection in computer generated images
Communications of the ACM
Illumination for computer generated pictures
Communications of the ACM
Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A two-pass solution to the rendering equation: A synthesis of ray tracing and radiosity methods
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering fur with three dimensional textures
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A general two-pass method integrating specular and diffuse reflection
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A model for anisotropic reflection
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A comprehensive physical model for light reflection
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Determining Reflectance Properties of an Object Using Range and Brightness Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A simple method for extracting the natural beauty of hair
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Measuring and modeling anisotropic reflection
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Lights from highlights and shadows
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A hierarchical illumination algorithm for surfaces with glossy reflection
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Smooth transitions between bump rendering algorithms
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Wavelength dependent reflectance functions
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generalization of Lambert's reflectance model
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Illumination in diverse codimensions
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Smooth B-spline illumination maps for bidirectional ray tracing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Generation of transfer functions with stochastic search techniques
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Multi-pass pipeline rendering: realism for dynamic environments
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Towards real-time photorealistic rendering: challenges and solutions
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
A framework for realistic image synthesis
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ParVox: a parallel splatting volume rendering system for distributed visualization
PRS '97 Proceedings of the IEEE symposium on Parallel rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A framework for realistic image synthesis
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A subjective judgment study of polygon based curved surface imagery
CHI '85 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hue-balls and lit-tensors for direct volume rendering of diffusion tensor fields
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Experiences in teaching an advanced computer graphics course
SIGCSE '90 Proceedings of the twenty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Solid texturing of complex surfaces
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Toward a psychophysically-based light reflection model for image synthesis
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A microfacet-based BRDF generator
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Towards interactive bump mapping with anisotropic shift-variant BRDFs
HWWS '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
A Reflectance Model for Computer Graphics
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Computer rendering of stochastic models
Communications of the ACM
An improved illumination model for shaded display
Communications of the ACM
Intensity fluctuations and natural texturing
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing bidirectional texture functions for real-world surfaces
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Hair image generation using connected texels
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Simulation of wrinkled surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bidirectional Reflection Distribution Function of Thoroughly Pitted Surfaces
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Wavelet Representation of Reflectance Functions
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Strategies for Direct Volume Rendering of Diffusion Tensor Fields
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Ray Tracing with Polarization Parameters
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Realistic Lighting Model for Computer Animators
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The Heidelberg Ray Tracing Model
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
It's Really Not a Rendering Bug, You See ...
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Estimating Reflection Parameters from a Single Color Image
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Interactive subsurface scattering for translucent meshes
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Refractive index estimation and color image rendering
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: Colour image processing and analysis
Lighting controls for synthetic images
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ray tracing algebraic surfaces
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Light reflection functions for simulation of clouds and dusty surfaces
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Scanline rendering of parametric surfaces
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A reflectance model for computer graphics
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Vectorized procedural models for natural terrain: Waves and islands in the sunset
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
On display of space filling atomic models in real-time
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hidden line removal for vector graphics
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated images for medical applications
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Casting curved shadows on curved surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Transparency for computer synthesized images
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ATOMLLL: ATOMS with shading and highlights
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Smoothly shaded renderings of polyhedral objects on raster displays
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Integrating solid image capability into a general purpose calligraphic graphics package
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A general system for computer based acquisition, analysis and display of medical image data
ACM '82 Proceedings of the ACM '82 conference
The progression of realism in computer generated images
ACM '77 Proceedings of the 1977 annual conference
Stylized Highlights for Cartoon Rendering and Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A data-driven reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
VIS '92 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Visualization '92
A modified Phong-Blinn light model for shadowed areas
Graphics programming methods
Fast setup for bilinear and biquadratic interpolation over triangles
Graphics programming methods
Factorization of the Ashikhmin BRDF for real-time rendering
Journal of Graphics Tools - Special on hardware-accelerated rendering techniques
Faster Shading by Equal Angle Interpolation of Vectors
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Stochastic modeling in computer graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Preliminary papers to be published in Communications of the ACM
Real-time rendering of translucent meshes
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Efficient BRDF importance sampling using a factored representation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Modelling and rendering techniques for African hairstyles
AFRIGRAPH '04 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
Barycentric Parameterizations for Isotropic BRDFs
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Vicinity Shading for Enhanced Perception of Volumetric Data
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
The halfway vector disk for BRDF modeling
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Tweakable light and shade for cartoon animation
Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Real-time BRDF editing in complex lighting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Web based molecular visualization using procedural shaders in X3D
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Web program
Teaching programmable shaders: lightweight versus heavyweight approach
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Educators program
Realistic materials in computer graphics
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
An improved illumination model for shaded display
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
A controllable, fast and stable basis for vortex based smoke simulation
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Locally controllable stylized shading
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Interactive relighting with dynamic BRDFs
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
High quality rendering using ray tracing and photon mapping
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
A Multiprocessor Architecture for Generating Fractal Surfaces
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Extreme Compression and Modeling of Bidirectional Texture Function
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Clip Art Rendering of Smooth Isosurfaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
The Aristotelian rainbow: from philosophy to computer graphics
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia
Technical Section: Linear approximation of Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions
Computers and Graphics
Real-time wetting of Porous media
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Recovering surface reflectance and multiple light locations and intensities from image data
Pattern Recognition Letters
Using mental rotation as a methodology to evaluate shape perception in computer graphics
Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Advanced global illumination using photon mapping
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Advanced material appearance modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Lighting and material of Halo 3
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 Games
Representing BRDFs using SOMs and MANs
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Automated reprojection-based pixel shader optimization
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A photometric approach for estimating normals and tangents
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Family of Energy Conserving Glossy Reflection Models
ICCS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computational Science, Part II
Factoring of multiple function wavelet production sampling
WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS
Light interaction with human skin: from believable images to predictable models
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses
Egocentric and exocentric teleoperation interface using real-time, 3D video projection
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Fabricating microgeometry for custom surface reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
All-frequency rendering of dynamic, spatially-varying reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
A survey of BRDF models for computer graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Building Bridges - Science, the Arts & Technology
Principles of Appearance Acquisition and Representation
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
IBM Systems Journal
Advanced material appearance modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
Joint Estimation of Shape and Reflectance using Multiple Images with Known Illumination Conditions
International Journal of Computer Vision
Gloss and Normal Map Acquisition of Mesostructures Using Gray Codes
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Real-time soft shadow for displacement mapped surfaces
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
Photometry-based visual servoing using light reflexion models
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
An anisotropic BRDF model for fitting and Monte Carlo rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Visual Research, Evaluation and Assessment in the Age of Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Real-time rendering of colour-shift effect of metallic materials
International Journal of Biometrics
Visual servoing from robust direct color image registration
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Surface radiance correction for shape from shading
Pattern Recognition
A compact shader for FPGA-based volume rendering accelerators
ARC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Reconfigurable computing: architectures, tools and applications
International Journal of Computer Vision
Toward evaluating material design interface paradigms for novice users
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Specular and diffuse reflectance in microfacet models
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Generalised ambient reflection models for lambertian and phong surfaces
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
A modern declarative surface shader for X3D
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology
Light & Skin Interactions: Simulations for Computer Graphics Applications
Light & Skin Interactions: Simulations for Computer Graphics Applications
Simulation and rendering algorithms for optically complex materials by the example of fabric
Programming and Computing Software
Consistent normal interpolation
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Comparing GPU-based multi-volume ray casting techniques
Computer Science - Research and Development
I3D '11 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
IWCF'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational forensics
Computer-aided appearance design based on BRDF measurements
Computer-Aided Design
Improving SIMD efficiency for parallel Monte Carlo light transport on the GPU
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on High Performance Graphics
Genetic programming for shader simplification
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
A new shape from shading approach for specular surfaces
AICI'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence - Volume Part III
Global optimization for estimating a multiple-lobe analytical BRDF
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
BRDF models for accurate and efficient rendering of glossy surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A monte carlo approach for the cook-torrance model
NAA'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Numerical Analysis and its Applications
Driving 3D morphable models using shading cues
Pattern Recognition
Photorealistic cloth in real-time applications
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
CommonSurfaceShader revisited: improvements and experiences
Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
Adding lighting and viewing effects to digital images
Computational Aesthetics'09 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, Visualization and Imaging
A new ward BRDF model with bounded albedo
EGSR'10 Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics conference on Rendering
Experimental analysis of BRDF models
EGSR'05 Proceedings of the Sixteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Two stage importance sampling for direct lighting
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Image-driven navigation of analytical BRDF models
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Sketch and paint-based interface for highlight modeling
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Isosurface ambient occlusion and soft shadows with filterable occlusion maps
SPBG'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Interactive global light propagation in direct volume rendering using local piecewise integration
SPBG'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
VG'07 Proceedings of the Sixth Eurographics / Ieee VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
Concurrent volume visualization of real-time fMRI
VG'10 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/EG international conference on Volume Graphics
Feature-driven ambient occlusion for direct volume rendering
VG'10 Proceedings of the 8th IEEE/EG international conference on Volume Graphics
A hardware algorithm for fast realistic image synthesis
EGGH'89 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware
Winding roads: routing edges into bundles
EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
EuroVis'09 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
A directional occlusion shading model for interactive direct volume rendering
EuroVis'09 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Improved quadric surface impostors for large bio-molecular visualization
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Image-based reconstruction and synthesis of dense foliage
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Practical SVBRDF capture in the frequency domain
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Stereoscopic static depth perception of enclosed 3D objects
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
Numerical verification of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions for physical plausibility
Proceedings of the South African Institute for Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference
An optimisation approach to the recovery of reflection parameters from a single hyperspectral image
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A comprehensive geometrical optics application for wave rendering
Graphical Models
Energy efficient data transmission for ray tracing on mobile computing platform
SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Symposium on Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications
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In the production of computer generated pictures of three dimensional objects, one stage of the calculation is the determination of the intensity of a given object once its visibility has been established. This is typically done by modelling the surface as a perfect diffuser, sometimes with a specular component added for the simulation of hilights. This paper presents a more accurate function for the generation of hilights which is based on some experimental measurements of how light reflects from real surfaces. It differs from previous models in that the intensity of the hilight changes with the direction of the light source. Also the position and shape of the hilights is somewhat different from that generated by simpler models. Finally, the hilight function generates different results when simulating metallic vs. nonmetallic surfaces. Many of the effects so generated are somewhat subtle and are apparent only during movie sequences. Some representative still frames from such movies are included.