Illumination and color in computer generated imagery
Illumination and color in computer generated imagery
Surface Reflection: Physical and Geometrical Perspectives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A comprehensive physical model for light reflection
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Three-dimensional computer vision: a geometric viewpoint
Generalization of the Lambertian model and implications for machine vision
International Journal of Computer Vision
Object shape and reflectance modeling from observation
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures
SIGGRAPH '77 Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Estimating Reflection Parameters from a Single Color Image
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A reflectance model for computer graphics
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Estimation of the Torrance-Sparrow Reflection Model from a Single Multi-Band Image
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 3
Chromaticity-based separation of reflection components in a single image
Pattern Recognition
Robust estimation of shape and polarisation using blind source separation
Pattern Recognition Letters
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A method is described for estimating the refractive index of the material of an object surface with convex shape in natural scenes. The refractive index is an optical constant that is inherent to the surface material. This optical parameter is not only useful for identifying the material of an object surface, but also important for creating realistic images of the object. It is difficult to measure the refractive index of any material in natural scenes, except for transparent materials. In this paper, we consider estimation of the refractive index for relatively smooth surfaces of inhomogeneous dielectric materials by using a calibrated CCD camera. First, we show how the appearance of an image including specular highlights changes with the refractive index. This parameter is then estimated from the camera data of specular highlights of an object surface at different directions of illumination and viewing. The estimation algorithm is based on histogram analysis using the Torrance-Sparrow reflection model. The estimated refractive index is compared with direct measurements using a refractometer. Moreover the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated in computer graphics images created by using the estimated reflection parameters.