Texture and reflection in computer generated images
Communications of the ACM
Models of light reflection for computer synthesized pictures
SIGGRAPH '77 Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A scan line algorithm for computer display of curved surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A scan line algorithm for displaying parametrically defined surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The application of scene synthesis techniques to the display of multidimensional image data
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The synthesis of cloth objects
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adaptive precision in texture mapping
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Modeling the effect of the atmosphere on light
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The Reyes image rendering architecture
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering antialiased shadows with depth maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rendering fur with three dimensional textures
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An efficient radiosity solution for bump texture generation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A model for anisotropic reflection
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A language for shading and lighting calculations
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A lighting model aiming at drive simulators
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Generating textures on arbitrary surfaces using reaction-diffusion
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spot noise texture synthesis for data visualization
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bump Shading for Volume Textures
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Real-time programmable shading
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Fitting smooth surfaces to dense polygon meshes
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Navigating static environments using image-space simplification and morphing
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Towards real-time photorealistic rendering: challenges and solutions
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Efficient bump mapping hardware
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The haptic display of complex graphical environments
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A new method for modeling of hair-grass type textures
CSC '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM 23rd annual conference on Computer science
Phong normal interpolation revisited
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
The design and analysis of a cache architecture for texture mapping
Proceedings of the 24th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Appearance-preserving simplification
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
HWWS '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
IMEM: an intelligent memory for bump- and reflection-mapping
HWWS '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
A general method for preserving attribute values on simplified meshes
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '98
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiresolution rendering with displacement mapping
HWWS '99 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Describing free-form 3D surfaces for animation
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Construction of fractal objects with iterated function systems
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Solid texturing of complex surfaces
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Displaced subdivision surfaces
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Illuminating micro geometry based on precomputed visibility
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Polygon rendering on a stream architecture
HWWS '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Towards interactive bump mapping with anisotropic shift-variant BRDFs
HWWS '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
A Software Testbed for the Development of 3D Raster Graphics Systems
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Synthetic Image Generation with a Lens and Aperture Camera Model
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
New Techniques for Ray Tracing Procedurally Defined Objects
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Computer rendering of stochastic models
Communications of the ACM
Scan line methods for displaying parametrically defined surfaces
Communications of the ACM
An improved illumination model for shaded display
Communications of the ACM
The motion dynamics of snakes and worms
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Intensity fluctuations and natural texturing
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing bidirectional texture functions for real-world surfaces
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Steerable illumination textures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
International Journal of Computer Vision
Fast view-dependent level-of-detail rendering using cached geometry
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
Adaptive Real-Time Level-of-Detail-Based Rendering for Polygonal Models
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Conformal Surface Parameterization for Texture Mapping
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A BRDF Postprocess to Integrate Porosity on Rendered Surfaces
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometric Substitution: A Tutorial
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
On-the-Fly Texture Computation for Real-Time Surface Shading
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The Truga001: A Scalable Rendering Processor
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
BMRT: a global illumination implementation of the RenderMan standard
Journal of Graphics Tools
ICCS '02 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science-Part II
Exploiting Content Variation and Perception in Power-Aware 3D Graphics Rendering
PACS '00 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Power-Aware Computer Systems-Revised Papers
The Rayset and its applications
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Lighting controls for synthetic images
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial texturing: An aid to surface visualization
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
New techniques for ray tracing procedurally defined objects
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The simulation of natural phenomena (Panel Session)
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ray tracing parametric patches
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A software test-bed for the development of 3-D raster graphics systems
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A lens and aperture camera model for synthetic image generation
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Vectorized procedural models for natural terrain: Waves and islands in the sunset
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A terrain and cloud computer image generation model
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Towards an interactive high visual complexity animation system
SIGGRAPH '79 Proceedings of the 6th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
3-D transformations of images in scanline order
SIGGRAPH '80 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A hardware stochastic interpolator for raster displays
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An effective hardware architecture for bump mapping using angular operation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
View-dependent displacement mapping
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
A simple layered RGB BRDF model
Graphical Models - Special issue on Pacific graphics 2002
Geometric clipping using boolean textures
VIS '93 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Visualization '93
Antialiasing for bump maps and a fast normalization trick
Graphics programming methods
Pixel shader optimizations for terrain rendering
Graphics programming methods
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology
Transforming 3D mesh surfaces into images by parameterization
Integrated image and graphics technologies
A scan line algorithm for displaying parametrically defined surfaces
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Stochastic modeling in computer graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Preliminary papers to be published in Communications of the ACM
Modeling and simulation of product's surface design
Computers and Industrial Engineering - Special issue: Selected papers from the 27th international conference on computers & industrial engineering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Realistic shading of human skin in real time
AFRIGRAPH '04 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa
Power-Aware 3D Computer Graphics Rendering
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
Computer graphics for water modeling and rendering: a survey
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue: Computer graphics and geometric modeling
Real-time bump mapped texture shading based-on hardware acceleration
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Real-time relief mapping on arbitrary polygonal surfaces
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Normal mapping for precomputed radiance transfer
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Relief mapping of non-height-field surface details
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Dynamic parallax occlusion mapping with approximate soft shadows
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Dynamic photometric stereo for on line quality control of ceramic tiles
Computers in Industry - Special issue: Machine vision
Rendering geometry with relief textures
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
Interactive landscape visualization using GPU ray casting
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and Southeast Asia
Pyramidal displacement mapping: a GPU based artifacts-free ray tracing through an image pyramid
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Practical parallax occlusion mapping with approximate soft shadows for detailed surface rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
A new style of ancient culture: animated Chinese Dunhuang murals
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Parallax searching and mesosurface shadowing
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Posters
Image-space construction of displaced normal maps
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Introduction to haptic rendering
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
An improved illumination model for shaded display
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
A fast all nearest neighbor algorithm for applications involving large point-clouds
Computers and Graphics
Efficient Point-Based Rendering Techniques for Haptic Display of Virtual Objects
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Six Degree-of-Freedom God-Object Method for Haptic Display of Rigid Bodies with Surface Properties
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Mesh resolution augmentation using 3D skin bank
Computer-Aided Design
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
A GPU based interactive modeling approach to designing fine level features
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
2-1/2D texture mapping: real-time perceptual surface roughening
Proceedings of the 4th symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Rendering 3D volumes using per-pixel displacement mapping
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Frequency domain normal map filtering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A gaze-based study for investigating the perception of visual realism in simulated scenes
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Tight frame normal map compression
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
Efficient self-shadowed radiosity normal mapping
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 courses
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
GH '06 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
High quality normal map compression
GH '06 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
Mesh parameterization methods and their applications
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Multiresolution geometric details on subdivision surfaces
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia
Real-time rendering of textures with feature curves
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Maximum mipmaps for fast, accurate, and scalable dynamic height field rendering
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Technical Section: A survey of aging and weathering phenomena in computer graphics
Computers and Graphics
Geometric displacement on plane and sphere
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Real-time wetting of Porous media
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Mesh parameterization: theory and practice
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 courses
Global-to-local representation and visualization of molecular surfaces using deformable models
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM symposium on Applied Computing
System for Automated Interactive Lighting (SAIL)
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Dynamic warp formation: Efficient MIMD control flow on SIMD graphics hardware
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
A survey of sketch-based 3-D modeling techniques
Interacting with Computers
Expression of Emotions Using Wrinkles, Blushing, Sweating and Tears
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
IBM Systems Journal
Dynamic photometric stereo for on line quality control of ceramic tiles
Computers in Industry
Computer graphics for water modeling and rendering: a survey
Future Generation Computer Systems
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Energy-driven statistical sampling: detecting software hotspots
PACS'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Power-aware computer systems
Curved ray-casting for displacement mapping in the GPU
MMM'08 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling
A taxonomy of visualization strategies for cultural heritage applications
Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)
A modern declarative surface shader for X3D
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology
Technical Section: Real-time path-based surface detail
Computers and Graphics
Extrusion and revolution mapping
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Illuminance Flow Estimation by Regression
International Journal of Computer Vision
Generating displacement from normal map for use in 3D games
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Talks
A system for real-time deformable terrain
Proceedings of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Leadership in a Diverse, Multidisciplinary Environment
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Mathematical PSNR prediction model between compressed normal maps and rendered 3d images
PCM'05 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part II
Simulating wrinkles in facial expressions on an anatomy-based face
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Science - Volume Part II
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Rendering inhomogeneous surfaces with radiosity
EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Interactive smooth and curved shell mapping
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
High-quality multimodal volume visualization of intracerebral pathological tissue
EG VCBM'08 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Visual Computing for Biomedicine
Spline-based gradient filters for high-quality refraction computations in discrete datasets
EUROVIS'05 Proceedings of the Seventh Joint Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Visualization
A pipeline for the digitization and the realistic rendering of paintings
VAST'07 Proceedings of the 8th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Accelerated, high-quality refraction computations for volume graphics
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
Texturing and hypertexturing of volumetric objects
VG'05 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Volume Graphics
Feature-Preserving Displacement Mapping With Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Tessellation
Computer Graphics Forum
Bidirectional texture function simultaneous autoregressive model
MUSCLE'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Understanding
A multipurpose hardware shader
EGGH'90 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware: rendering, ray tracing and visualization systems
Hardware supported bump mapping: a step towards higher quality real-time rendering
EGGH'95 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Graphics Hardware
Design principles of hardware-based phong shading and bump mapping
EGGH'96 Proceedings of the Eleventh Eurographics conference on Graphics Hardware
Winding roads: routing edges into bundles
EuroVis'10 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
Accurate and efficient rendering of detail using directional distance maps
Proceedings of the Eighth Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Embedded thin shells for wrinkle simulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Analytic displacement mapping using hardware tessellation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Instant convolution shadows for volumetric detail mapping
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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Computer generated shaded images have reached an impressive degree of realism with the current state of the art. They are not so realistic, however, that they would fool many people into believing they are real. One problem is that the surfaces tend to look artificial due to their extreme smoothness. What is needed is a means of simulating the surface irregularities that are on real surfaces. In 1973 Ed Catmull introduced the idea of using the parameter values of parametrically defined surfaces to index into a texture definition function which scales the intensity of the reflected light. By tying the texture pattern to the parameter values, the texture is guaranteed to rotate and move with the object. This is good for showing patterns painted on the surface, but attempts to simulate rough surfaces in this way are unconvincing. This paper presents a method of using a texturing function to perform a small perturbation on the direction of the surface normal before using it in the intensity calculations. This process yields images with realistic looking surface wrinkles without the need to model each wrinkle as a separate surface element. Several samples of images made with this technique are included.