The role of emotion in believable agents
Communications of the ACM
Simulation of wrinkled surfaces
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A Simple Method for Modeling Wrinkles on Human Skin
PG '02 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Multimodal expression in virtual humans: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2006
Dynamic aspects of real-time face-rendering
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Social robots and ECAs for accessing smart environments services
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
A practical appearance model for dynamic facial color
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2010 papers
Designing an expressive avatar of a real person
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
The influence of emotions in embodied agents on human decision-making
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
The effect of expression of anger and happiness in computer agents on negotiations with humans
The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
The impact of emotion displays in embodied agents on emergence of cooperation with people
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Lip-reading: furhat audio visual intelligibility of a back projected animated face
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Wrinkles, blushing, sweating and tears are physiological manifestations of emotions in humans. Therefore, the simulation of these phenomena is important for the goal of building believable virtual humans which interact naturally and effectively with humans. This paper describes a real-time model for the simulation of wrinkles, blushing, sweating and tears. A study is also conducted to assess the influence of the model on the perception of surprise, sadness, anger, shame, pride and fear. The study follows a repeated-measures design where subjects compare how well is each emotion expressed by virtual humans with or without these phenomena. The results reveal a significant positive effect on the perception of surprise, sadness, anger, shame and fear. The relevance of these results is discussed for the fields of virtual humans and expression of emotions.