Pyramid-based texture analysis/synthesis
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Texture Analysis and Synthesis
Texture design using a simplicial complex of morphable textures
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Animating blendshape faces by cross-mapping motion capture data
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Dynamic aspects of real-time face-rendering
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Facial performance capture and expressive translation for King Kong
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Game Character Development with Maya (New Riders Games)
Game Character Development with Maya (New Riders Games)
Dense Depth and Color Acquisition of Repetitive Motions
3DIM '07 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on 3-D Digital Imaging and Modeling
Building highly realistic facial modeling and animation: a survey
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Practical modeling and acquisition of layered facial reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A layered, heterogeneous reflectance model for acquiring and rendering human skin
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
The Appearance of Human Skin: A Survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Screen-space perceptual rendering of human skin
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Expression of Emotions Using Wrinkles, Blushing, Sweating and Tears
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Real-Time Rendering of Skin Changes Caused by Emotions
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
High resolution passive facial performance capture
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Real-Time Realistic Skin Translucency
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Efficient rendering of human skin
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
A spectral BSSRDF for shading human skin
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Video-based characters: creating new human performances from a multi-view video database
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Special Section on CANS: Sketch express: A sketching interface for facial animation
Computers and Graphics
Accurate Translucent Material Rendering under Spherical Gaussian Lights
Computer Graphics Forum
The effect of emotional colour on creating realistic expression of avatar
Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
3D Virtual worlds and the metaverse: Current status and future possibilities
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Facial appearance depends on both the physical and physiological state of the skin. As people move, talk, undergo stress, and change expression, skin appearance is in constant flux. One of the key indicators of these changes is the color of skin. Skin color is determined by scattering and absorption of light within the skin layers, caused mostly by concentrations of two chromophores, melanin and hemoglobin. In this paper we present a real-time dynamic appearance model of skin built from in vivo measurements of melanin and hemoglobin concentrations. We demonstrate an efficient implementation of our method, and show that it adds negligible overhead to existing animation and rendering pipelines. Additionally, we develop a realistic, intuitive, and automatic control for skin color, which we term a skin appearance rig. This rig can easily be coupled with a traditional geometric facial animation rig. We demonstrate our method by augmenting digital facial performance with realistic appearance changes.