Speech and expression: a computer solution to face animation
Proceedings on Graphics Interface '86/Vision Interface '86
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthetic actors in computer-generated 3D films
Synthetic actors in computer-generated 3D films
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Communication and coarticulation in facial animation
Communication and coarticulation in facial animation
Making faces: the facial animation, construction and editing system
Making faces: the facial animation, construction and editing system
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Analysis, interpretation and synthesis of facial expressions
Analysis, interpretation and synthesis of facial expressions
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animating facial features and expressions
Animating facial features and expressions
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Interactive multiresolution hair modeling and editing
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A Muscle-based 3D Parametric Lip Model for Speech-Synchronized Facial Animation
DEFORM '00/AVATARS '00 Proceedings of the IFIP TC5/WG5.10 DEFORM'2000 Workshop and AVATARS'2000 Workshop on Deformable Avatars
Modeling and Rendering for Realistic Facial Animation
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000
Real-time Photo-Realistic Physically Based Rendering of Fine Scale Human Skin Structure
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Simulation of Static and Dynamic Wrinkles of Skin
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
MikeTalk: A Talking Facial Display Based on Morphing Visemes
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Language-Driven Nonverbal Communication in a Bilingual Conversational Agent
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Light scattering from human hair fibers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
A parametric model for human faces.
A parametric model for human faces.
A structural model of the human face (graphics, animation, object representation)
A structural model of the human face (graphics, animation, object representation)
A computer system for simulating human facial expression
A computer system for simulating human facial expression
A facial model and animation techniques for animated speech
A facial model and animation techniques for animated speech
Real-Time Rendering of Human Hair Using Programmable Graphics Hardware
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Expressive speech-driven facial animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Animating blendshape faces by cross-mapping motion capture data
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
Stop Staring: Facial Modeling and Animation Done Right
Stop Staring: Facial Modeling and Animation Done Right
eFASE: expressive facial animation synthesis and editing with phoneme-isomap controls
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Assembling an expressive facial animation system
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
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Realism in games is constantly improving with increased computing power available to games and as game players demand more visual realism. Therefore, facial animation and particularly animated speech, is becoming more prevalent in games. We present a survey of facial animation techniques suitable for 3D computer games. We break our discussion into two areas: modeling and animation. To model a face, a method of representing the geometry is combined with a parameterization that is used to specify a new shape for that geometry. Changing the shape over time will create animation, and we discuss methods for animating expressions as well as achieving lip-synchronized speech.