Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
A plastic-visco-elastic model for wrinkles in facial animation and skin aging
Pacific Graphics '94 Proceedings of the second Pacific conference on Fundamentals of computer graphics
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Matching 3-D anatomical surfaces with non-rigid deformations using octree-splines
International Journal of Computer Vision
Shape and the information in medical images: a decade of the morphometric synthesis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Prototyping and Transforming Facial Textures for Perception Research
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Cloning and Aging in a VR Family
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
Construction and animation of anatomically based human hand models
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Synthesizing animatable body models with parameterized shape modifications
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Reanimating the dead: reconstruction of expressive faces from skull data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range scans
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
An example-based approach to human body manipulation
Graphical Models
Rapid modeling of 3D faces for animation using an efficient adaptation algorithm
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Breathe easy: model and control of simulated respiration for animation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Creating Speech-Synchronized Animation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
SCAPE: shape completion and animation of people
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Outside-in anatomy based character rigging
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Psychophysical evaluation of animated facial expressions
APGV '05 Proceedings of the 2nd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Human hand modeling from surface anatomy
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Generating personalized anatomy-based 3D facial models from scanned data
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Breathe easy: model and control of human respiration for computer animation
Graphical Models - Special issue on SCA 2004
Modeling and animating for the dense laser-scanned face in the low resolution level
MS'06 Proceedings of the 17th IASTED international conference on Modelling and simulation
Transferring of Speech Movements from Video to 3D Face Space
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Facial animation in a nutshell: past, present and future
SAICSIT '06 Proceedings of the 2006 annual research conference of the South African institute of computer scientists and information technologists on IT research in developing countries
Simulating speech with a physics-based facial muscle model
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Facial motion cloning with radial basis functions in MPEG-4 FBA
Graphical Models
Physically based facial expression synthesizer with performance analysis and GPU-aided simulation
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Game research and development
Analysis of segmented human body scans
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Evaluating the perceptual realism of animated facial expressions
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Template-based mesh completion
SGP '05 Proceedings of the third Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
Example-based 3D scan completion
SGP '05 Proceedings of the third Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
A framework for socially communicative faces for game and interactive learning applications
Future Play '07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play
A biologically inspired generation of virtual characters
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Laughing out loud: control for modeling anatomically inspired laughter using audio
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Geometry-optimized virtual human head and its applications
Computers and Graphics
Motion in Games
EDFCES: a new example-driven 3D face construction and editing system
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Comprehensive biomechanical modeling and simulation of the upper body
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A Model-Based Approach for Human Body Reconstruction from 3D Scanned Data
MIRAGE '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics CollaborationTechniques
Face to face: anthropometry-based interactive face shape modeling using model priors
International Journal of Computer Games Technology - Special issue on cyber games and interactive entertainment
Fixing geometric errors on polygonal models: a survey
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Optimization of an image-based talking head system
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing - Special issue on animating virtual speakers or singers from audio: Lip-synching facial animation
Speech-Driven Facial Animation Using a Shared Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Reconstructing animated meshes from time-varying point clouds
SGP '08 Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing
Anatomy-based face reconstruction for animation using multi-layer deformation
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
A realistic, virtual head for human-computer interaction
Interacting with Computers
Exporting vector muscles for facial animation
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
3D reconstruction of a human face from images using morphological adaptation
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Data-driven feature control models for creating virtual faces
ICCSA'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Computational science and Its applications - Volume Part II
Automatic generation of head models and facial animations considering personal characteristics
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Markerless reconstruction and synthesis of dynamic facial expressions
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A highly automated method for facial expression synthesis
Transactions on edutainment V
Cultural Heritage: Symmetry and template guided completion of damaged skulls
Computers and Graphics
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Realistic facial animation by automatic individual head modeling and facial muscle adjustment
Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Virtual and mixed reality: systems and applications - Volume Part II
Parametric human body shape modeling framework for human-centered product design
Computer-Aided Design
3D facial modeling for animation: a nonlinear approach
MMM'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Multimedia Modeling - Volume Part I
Generic-model based human-body modeling
ICEC'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Virtual Reality in Brazil 2011: Reproducing virtual characters
Computers and Graphics
Faces alive: reconstruction of animated 3d human faces
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part III
Mesh fitting based 3d character modeling
Edutainment'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
Position-based facial animation synthesis
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Template deformation for point cloud fitting
SPBG'06 Proceedings of the 3rd Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Polygon mesh repairing: An application perspective
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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We present a versatile construction and deformation method for head models with anatomical structure, suitable for real-time physics-based facial animation. The model is equipped with landmark data on skin and skull, which allows us to deform the head in anthropometrically meaningful ways. On any deformed model, the underlying muscle and bone structure is adapted as well, such that the model remains completely animatable using the same muscle contraction parameters. We employ this general technique to fit a generic head model to imperfect scan data, and to simulate head growth from early childhood to adult age.