Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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This paper presents a new method for reconstructing anatomy-based, animatable facial models with minimal manual intervention. The technique is based on deforming a multi-layered prototype model to the acquired surface data in an “outside-in” manner: deformation applied to the skin layer is propagated, with the final effect of deforming the underlying muscles. In the skin layer deformation, the generic skin mesh is represented as a dynamic deformable model which is subjected to internal force stemming from the elastic properties of the surface and external forces generated by input data points and features. A fully automated approach has been developed for deforming the muscle layer that includes three types of muscle models. Our method generates animatable models from incomplete input data and reconstructed facial models can be animated directly to synthesize various expressions.