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Active shape models—their training and application
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SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SpotIt! An interactive identikit system
Graphical Models and Image Processing
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An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animated Talking Head with Personalized 3D Head Model
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems - special issue on multimedia signal processing
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animated heads from ordinary images: a least-squares approach
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
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Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Articulated body deformation from range scan data
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Verbs and Adverbs: Multidimensional Motion Interpolation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An automatic modeling of human bodies from sizing parameters
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
An example-based approach for facial expression cloning
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
The space of human body shapes: reconstruction and parameterization from range scans
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Exploring gradient-based face navigation interfaces
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Face transfer with multilinear models
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A statistical model for synthesis of detailed facial geometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
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Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image-based photorealistic 3-D face modeling
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
3-D facial model estimation from single front-view facial image
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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This paper presents an automatic runtime system for generating varied, realistic face models by synthesizing a global face shape and local facial features according to intuitive, high-level control parameters. Our method takes as examples 3D face scans in order to exploit the parameter-to-geometry correlations present in real faces. In order to establish the correspondences among the scanned models, we use a three-step model fitting approach to conform a generic head mesh onto each scanned model. We transform the obtained data sets of global face shapes and local feature shapes into vector space representations by applying a principal component analysis (PCA). We compute a set of face anthropometric measurements to parameterize the exemplary shapes in the measurement spaces. Using PCA coefficients as a compact shape representation, we approach the shape synthesis problem by forming scattered data interpolation functions designed to generate the desired face shape by taking anthropometric parameters as input. At runtime, the interpolation functions are evaluated for the input parameter values to produce new face geometries at an interactive rate. The correspondence among all exemplary face textures is obtained by parameterizing the 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with the desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the example textures. The resulting system is intuitive to control and fine-grained. We demonstrate our method by applying different parameters to generate a wide range of face models.