Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Algorithm 778: L-BFGS-B: Fortran subroutines for large-scale bound-constrained optimization
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Reconstruction and representation of 3D objects with radial basis functions
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Automatic Creation of 3D Facial Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Exploring gradient-based face navigation interfaces
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Face transfer with multilinear models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Parameterized Models for Facial Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Image-based photorealistic 3-D face modeling
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
3-D facial model estimation from single front-view facial image
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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This paper presents a new anthropometrics-based method for generating realistic, controllable face models. Our method establishes an intuitive and efficient interface to facilitate procedures for interactive 3D face modeling and editing. It takes 3D face scans as examples in order to exploit the variations presented in the real faces of individuals. The system automatically learns a model prior from the data-sets of example meshes of facial features using principal component analysis (PCA) and uses it to regulate the naturalness of synthesized faces. For each facial feature, we compute a set of anthropometric measurements to parameterize the example meshes into a measurement space. Using PCA coefficients as a compact shape representation, we formulate the face modeling problem in a scattered data interpolation framework which takes the user-specified anthropometric parameters as input. Solving the interpolation problem in a reduced subspace allows us to generate a natural face shape that satisfies the user-specified constraints. At runtime, the new face shape can be generated at an interactive rate. We demonstrate the utility of our method by presenting several applications, including analysis of facial features of subjects in different race groups, facial feature transfer, and adapting face models to a particular population group.