A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated learning of muscle-actuated locomotion through control abstraction
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Head shop: generating animated head models with anatomical structure
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Articulated body deformation from range scan data
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An Anatomy-Based Approach to Human Muscle Modeling and Deformation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Kinematic Model of the Human Spine and Torso
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
An automatic modeling of human bodies from sizing parameters
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A 3D virtual environment for modeling mechanical cardiopulmonary interactions
CVRMed-MRCAS '97 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine and Medial Robotics and Computer-Assisted Surgery
Physically-based model for simulating the human trunk respiration movements
CVRMed-MRCAS '97 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine and Medial Robotics and Computer-Assisted Surgery
Construction and animation of anatomically based human hand models
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Continuous capture of skin deformation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Breathe easy: model and control of simulated respiration for animation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Creating and Simulating Skeletal Muscle from the Visible Human Data Set
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
SCAPE: shape completion and animation of people
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Helping hand: an anatomically accurate inverse dynamics solution for unconstrained hand motion
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Outside-in anatomy based character rigging
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA 2005
Capturing and animating skin deformation in human motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Heads up!: biomechanical modeling and neuromuscular control of the neck
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
OPT++: An object-oriented toolkit for nonlinear optimization
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
Breathing, laughing, sneezing, coughing: model and control of an anatomically inspired, physically-based human torso simulation
Capture and modeling of non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Comprehensive biomechanical modeling and simulation of the upper body
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Design and fabrication of materials with desired deformation behavior
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Towards multimodal expression of laughter
IVA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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We present a novel technique for generating animation of laughter for a character. Our approach utilizes an anatomically inspired, physics-based model of a human torso that includes a mix of rigid-body and deformable components and is driven by Hill-type muscles. We propose a hierarchical control method which synthesizes laughter from a simple set of input signals. In addition, we present a method for automatically creating an animation from a soundtrack of an individual laughing. We show examples of laugh animations generated by hand-selected input parameters and by our audio-driven optimization approach. We also include results for other behaviors, such as coughing and a sneeze, created using the same model. These animations demonstrate the range of possible motions that can be generated using the proposed system. We compare our technique with both data-driven and procedural animations of laughter.