SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated learning of muscle-actuated locomotion through control abstraction
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NeuroAnimator: fast neural network emulation and control of physics-based models
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Composable controllers for physics-based character animation
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling tension and relaxation for computer animation
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A Kinematic Model of the Human Spine and Torso
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-based muscle modeling for facial animation
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Construction and animation of anatomically based human hand models
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Anatomically-based models for physical and geometric reconstruction of humans and other animals
Motion Perturbation Based on Simple Neuromotor Control Models
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Breathe easy: model and control of simulated respiration for animation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Invertible finite elements for robust simulation of large deformation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Helping hand: an anatomically accurate inverse dynamics solution for unconstrained hand motion
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Fast physically based musculoskeletal simulation
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Coordinated three-dimensional motion of the head and torso bydynamic neural networks
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
On the beat!: timing and tension for dynamic characters
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Impulse-Based Control of Joints and Muscles
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Spline joints for multibody dynamics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Musculotendon simulation for hand animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Autonomous virtual humans and lower animals: from biomechanics to intelligence
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Laughing out loud: control for modeling anatomically inspired laughter using audio
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Capture and modeling of non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Comprehensive biomechanical modeling and simulation of the upper body
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Design and fabrication of materials with desired deformation behavior
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Simulating humans and lower animals
MIG'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Motion in games
Full-body hybrid motor control for reaching
MIG'10 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Motion in games
A data-driven appearance model for human fatigue
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Simulation of the human TMJ behavior based on interdependent joints topology
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Optimizing locomotion controllers using biologically-based actuators and objectives
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Eyecatch: simulating visuomotor coordination for object interception
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Modeling and Simulation of Skeletal Muscle for Computer Graphics: A Survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Misconceptions of PD control in animation
EUROSCA'12 Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics conference on Computer Animation
Misconceptions of PD control in animation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Footwear bio-modelling: An industrial approach
Computer-Aided Design
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Unlike the human face, the neck has been largely overlooked in the computer graphics literature, this despite its complex anatomical structure and the important role that it plays in supporting the head in balance while generating the controlled head movements that are essential to so many aspects of human behavior. This paper makes two major contributions. First, we introduce a biomechanical model of the human head-neck system. Emulating the relevant anatomy, our model is characterized by appropriate kinematic redundancy (7 cervical vertebrae coupled by 3-DOF joints) and muscle actuator redundancy (72 neck muscles arranged in 3 muscle layers). This anatomically consistent biomechanical model confronts us with a challenging motor control problem, even for the relatively simple task of balancing the mass of the head in gravity atop the cervical spine. Hence, our second contribution is a novel neuromuscular control model for human head animation that emulates the relevant biological motor control mechanisms. Incorporating low-level reflex and high-level voluntary sub-controllers, our hierarchical controller provides input motor signals to the numerous muscle actuators. In addition to head pose and movement, it controls the tone of mutually opposed neck muscles to regulate the stiffness of the head-neck multibody system. Employing machine learning techniques, the neural networks within our neuromuscular controller are trained offline to efficiently generate the online pose and tone control signals necessary to synthesize a variety of autonomous movements for the behavioral animation of the human head and face.