Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing
Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Control of a virtual actor: the roach
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Animation of dynamic legged locomotion
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Perceptual modeling for the behavioral animation of fishes
Pacific Graphics '94 Proceedings of the second Pacific conference on Fundamentals of computer graphics
The motion dynamics of snakes and worms
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back
Designing Autonomous Agents: Theory and Practice from Biology to Engineering and Back
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automated learning of muscle-actuated locomotion through control abstraction
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Testing control systems through dynamic simulation
Proceedings of the twelfth annual symposium on Computational geometry
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Adapting simulated behaviors for new characters
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Go with the flow: synthetic vision for autonomous animated creatures
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Increasing believability in animated pedagogical agents
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Efficient dynamics modeling for VRML and Java
Proceedings of the third symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
NeuroAnimator: fast neural network emulation and control of physics-based models
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Crowd modelling in collaborative virtual environments
VRST '98 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Artificial life for computer graphics
Communications of the ACM
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
From one virtual actor to virtual crowds: requirements and constraints
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
Cognitive modeling for games and animation
Communications of the ACM
The EMOTE model for effort and shape
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
HPTS: a behaviour modelling language for autonomous agents
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
A real-time procedural shading system for programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Composable controllers for physics-based character animation
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VRID: a design model and methodology for developing virtual reality interfaces
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Bag-of-particles as a deformable model
VISSYM '02 Proceedings of the symposium on Data Visualisation 2002
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Increasing the coherence between human beings and virtual agents
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
How social spiders inspired an approach To region detection
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Object persistence for synthetic creatures
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 3
Integrated learning for interactive synthetic characters
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The ALVW system: an interface for smart behavior-based 3D computer animation
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics
A physically realistic framework for the generation of high-level animation controllers
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics
Evolving controllers for virtual creature locomotion
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Dynamic Free-Form Deformations for Animation Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Using Linked Volumes to Model Object Collisions, Deformation, Cutting, Carving, and Joining
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Hierarchical Model for Real Time Simulation of Virtual Human Crowds
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Adding Support for High-Level Skeletal Animation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
The Virtual Reality Gorilla Exhibit
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Motion Control of Virtual Humans
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Dynamically Simulated Characters in Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Combining Active and Passive Simulations for Secondary Motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
InViWo agents: write once, display everywhere
Web3D '03 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on 3D Web technology
Adaptation by Applying Behavior Routines and Motion Strategies in Autonomous Navigation
ICCBR '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning: Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
A Human Based Perception Model for Cooperative Intelligent Virtual Agents
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, 2002 - DOA/CoopIS/ODBASE 2002 Confederated International Conferences DOA, CoopIS and ODBASE 2002
Hybrid System Models of Navigation Strategies for Games and Animations
HSCC '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control
Real-Time Character Animation Using Multi-layered Scripts and Spacetime Optimization
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Virtual Storytelling: Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Storytelling
Goal-Directed Navigation for Animated Characters Using Real-Time Path Planning and Control
CAPTECH '98 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Modelling and Motion Capture Techniques for Virtual Environments
VW '00 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Virtual Worlds
A Framework for Reasoning about Animation Systems
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Communicating Emotion in Virtual Environments through Artificial Scents
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
The InViWo Toolkit: Describing Autonomous Virtual Agents and Avatars
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Visual Modeling for Multimedia Content
AMCP '98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Multimedia Content Processing
The invisible person: advanced interaction using an embedded interface
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Synthetic vision for road traffic simulation in a virtual environment
Intelligent agents for mobile and virtual media
Animating deformable models: different approaches
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Creating animations using virtual reality ThatcherWorld: a case study
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
What Governs Autonomous Actors
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Animation in the Virtual World
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
A Model of Nonverbal Communication and Interpersonal Relationship Between Virtual Actors
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
The Animation of Autonomous Actors Based on Production Rules
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Virtual actors and avatars in a flexible user-determined-scenario environment
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Constrained animation of flocks
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Better group behaviors in complex environments using global roadmaps
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Introducing human-like hearing perception in intelligent virtual agents
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Realistic modeling of bird flight animations
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Hybrid Control for Interactive Character Animation
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
The ALIVE system: wireless, full-body interaction with autonomous agents
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on multimedia and multisensory virtual worlds
A new swarm mechanism based on social spiders colonies: from web weaving to region detection
Web Intelligence and Agent Systems
Customisation and Context for Expressive Behaviour in the Broadband World
BT Technology Journal
Distributed, Physics-Based Control of Swarms of Vehicles
Autonomous Robots
Visual Salience and Reference Resolution in Simulated 3-D Environments
Artificial Intelligence Review
Integrating Autonomous Behavior and User Control for Believable Agents
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Breathe easy: model and control of simulated respiration for animation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Layered dynamic control for interactive character swimming
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Example-based control of human motion
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Extending self-organizing particle systems to problem solving
Artificial Life
Simulation on pattern design in group calisthenics
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
The crowd simulation for interactive virtual environments
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Clustering method for fast deformation with constraints
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Fast multi-level adaptation for interactive autonomous characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Imitation as a first step to social learning in synthetic characters: a graph-based approach
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Directable animation of elastic objects
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Scalable pedestrian simulation for virtual cities
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Layering and heterogeneity as design principles for animated embedded agents
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal - Special issue: Intelligent embedded agents
Dynamic Animation and Control Environment
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Modelling the Sensory Abilities of Intelligent Virtual Agents
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Autonomous virtual agents learning a cognitive model and evolving
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Direct manipulation like tools for designing intelligent virtual agents
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Psychologically-based vision and attention for the simulation of human behaviour
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Simulating virtual crowds in emergency situations
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A Comprehensive Overview of the Applications of Artificial Life
Artificial Life
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on connecting language to the world
Breathe easy: model and control of human respiration for computer animation
Graphical Models - Special issue on SCA 2004
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Heads up!: biomechanical modeling and neuromuscular control of the neck
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Learnable behavioural model for autonomous virtual agents: low-level learning
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Modelling behavior in a school of fish by fast synthetic distributed vision
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters
Animating autonomous pedestrians
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
An efficient large deformation method using domain decomposition
Computers and Graphics
Simulating pattern design and layout for group calisthenics and eurhythmics
Simulation and Gaming - Symposium: virtual reality simulation
Collective-movement teams for cooperative problem solving
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering - Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A decision network framework for the behavioral animation of virtual humans
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Experiencing Belugas: Action Selection for an Interactive Aquarium Exhibit
Adaptive Behavior - Animals, Animats, Software Agents, Robots, Adaptive Systems
Real-time navigation of independent agents using adaptive roadmaps
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Graphical Models
Interactive navigation of multiple agents in crowded environments
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Intelligent perception and control for space robotics: Autonomous Satellite Rendezvous and Docking
Machine Vision and Applications
Navigating virtual agents in online virtual worlds
Web3D '08 Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on 3D web technology
Real-time path planning for virtual agents in dynamic environments
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Real-time navigation of independent agents using adaptive roadmaps
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
MADeM: a multi-modal decision making for social MAS
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Laughing out loud: control for modeling anatomically inspired laughter using audio
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Agent Oriented Methodology Construction and Customization with HDA
SOFSEM '07 Proceedings of the 33rd conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science
AI Framework for Decision Modeling in Behavioral Animation of Virtual Avatars
ICCS '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part II
Survey on Real-Time Crowds Simulation
Edutainment '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
A Virtual Agent's Behavior Selection by Using Actions for Focusing of Attention
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Video agent: interactive autonomous agents generated from real-world creatures
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Watch Out! A Framework for Evaluating Steering Behaviors
Motion in Games
Deformation-Based Animation of Snake Locomotion
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing
A distributed learning algorithm for particle systems
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Simulating crowd phenomena in African markets
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, Visualisation and Interaction in Africa
Interoperability within Multi-Agent System
Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems: Applications in Engineering and Technology - Theoretical advances of intelligent paradigms
Simulating socially intelligent agents in semantic virtual environments
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Deformable object animation using reduced optimal control
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Learning Nonverbal Emotion Interaction In 3D Intelligent Virtual Environment For Children
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Learning by Effective Utilization of Technologies: Facilitating Intercultural Understanding
Dynamic Agent Architectures for Complex Systems
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering: Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Knowledge-Based Software Engineering
Tree Paths: A New Model for Steering Behaviors
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Interactive design of urban spaces using geometrical and behavioral modeling
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
Modeling living systems for computer vision
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
A layered brain architecture for synthetic creatures
IJCAI'01 Proceedings of the 17th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on connecting language to the world
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Interaction Sciences: Information Technology, Culture and Human
The hierarchical behavior model for crowd simulation
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
MIG '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Motion in Games
Dynamic region following formation control for a swarm of robots
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
Layering and heterogeneity as design principles for animated embedded agents
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Artificial animals for computer animation: biomechanics, locomotion, perception, and behavior
Artificial animals for computer animation: biomechanics, locomotion, perception, and behavior
Physical animation and control of simulated creatures
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
Animating behavior of virtual agents: the virtual park
ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartIII
A new architecture for simulating the behavior of virtual agents
ICCS'03 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computational science: PartI
An operational VR platform for building virtual training environments
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
A synthetic-vision based steering approach for crowd simulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Towards autonomous, perceptive, and intelligent virtual actors
Artificial intelligence today
Underwater cloth simulation with fractional derivatives
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Crowd modeling and simulation technologies
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Simulating self-organizing behaviors of fish school
Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Visual Information Communication
Modeling pedestrian crowd behavior based on a cognitive model of social comparison theory
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory
Dynamically sequencing an animated pedagogical agent
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Modeling deformations of general parametric shells grasped by a robot hand
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Articulated swimming creatures
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Emotion social interaction for virtual characters
ICNC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part I
A crowd evacuation system in emergency situation based on dynamics model
VSMM'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Interactive Technologies and Sociotechnical Systems
Applying direct manipulation interfaces to customizing player character behaviour
ICEC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Emotion interaction of virtual character in 3d artificial society
SEAL'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Simulated Evolution And Learning
An emotion model of 3d virtual characters in intelligent virtual environment
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Building a believable character for real-time virtual environments
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Coordinating dual-mode biomimetic robotic fish in box-pushing task
ECAL'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Advances in Artificial Life
Animation of flocks flying in line formations
Artificial Life
Visual perception modeling for intelligent avatars
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
Virtual Reality in Brazil 2011: Simulating crowds based on a space colonization algorithm
Computers and Graphics
Designing an action selection engine for behavioral animation of intelligent virtual agents
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part III
A simple method for real-time metal shell simulation
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
Directional constraint enforcement for fast cloth simulation
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Eyecatch: simulating visuomotor coordination for object interception
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Towards a quantitative approach for comparing crowds
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
A blendshape model that incorporates physical interaction
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System
Modeling and Simulation of Skeletal Muscle for Computer Graphics: A Survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Simulation of virtual human's mental state in behavior animation
LSMS'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation
Destination flow for crowd simulation
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
FAME, soft flock formation control for collective behavior studies and rapid games development
SEAL'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning
Modeling and animating myriapoda: a real-time kinematic/dynamic approach
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Data-driven control of flapping flight
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Synthetic motion capture: Implementing an interactive virtual marine world
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Non-linear dynamical system approach to behavior modeling
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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This paper proposes a framework for animation that can achieve the intricacy of motion evident in certain natural ecosystems with minimal input from the animator. The realistic appearance, movement, and behavior of individual animals, as well as the patterns of behavior evident in groups of animals fall within the scope of the framework. Our approach to emulating this level of natural complexity is to model each animal holistically as an autonomous agent situated in its physical world. To demonstrate the approach, we develop a physics-based, virtual marine world. The world is inhabited by artificial fishes that can swim hydrodynamically in simulated water through the motor control of internal muscles that motivates fins. Their repertoire of behaviors relies on their perception of the dynamic environment. As in nature, the detailed motions of artificial fishes in their virtual habitat are not entirely predictable because they are not scripted.