Legged robots that balance
Actors: a model of concurrent computation in distributed systems
Actors: a model of concurrent computation in distributed systems
Proc. of the ACM SIGGRAPH/SIGART interdisciplinary workshop on Motion: representation and perception
The society of mind
Articulated figure positioning by multiple constraints
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Interactive design of 3D computer-animated legged animal motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Grasping reality through illusion—interactive graphics serving science
CHI '88 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hands-on interaction with virtual environments
UIST '89 Proceedings of the 2nd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology
The virtual erector set: dynamic simulation with linear recursive constraint propagation
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A hand gesture interface device
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Walkthrough—a dynamic graphics system for simulating virtual buildings
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
Virtual environment display system
I3D '86 Proceedings of the 1986 workshop on Interactive 3D graphics
The motion dynamics of snakes and worms
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer animation with scripts and actors
SIGGRAPH '82 Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Representation and control of three dimensional computer animated figures (graphics, robotics)
Representation and control of three dimensional computer animated figures (graphics, robotics)
Dynamic simulation of autonomous legged locomotion
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An integrated environment to visually construct 3D animations
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adding Support for High-Level Skeletal Animation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Motion planning for computer animation and virtual reality applications
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Artificial animals for computer animation: biomechanics, locomotion, perception, and behavior
Artificial animals for computer animation: biomechanics, locomotion, perception, and behavior
Animating behavior of virtual agents: the virtual park
ICCSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science and its applications: PartIII
A new architecture for simulating the behavior of virtual agents
ICCS'03 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computational science: PartI
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We have developed a virtual environment system which supports multiple simulations, including virtual actors. These actors exhibit motor behavior in response to activity in the environment. We present an example actor, whose low-level behavior is modeled after physiological analyses of cockroach motor behavior. The sensori-motor activity of our roach is generated by a hierarchical control structure. Coupled oscillators generate basic gait patterns, which are modified by reflexes feeding in from the environment. Stepping and stance are executed by kinematic motor programs, which move the legs and body. The reactive level associates motor behavior with events in the virtual environment, to simulate perception and implement higher level behaviors. The activity of the virtual actor is determined only when it is situated in the environment, and interacts with the user and other simulations.