Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the second international conference on From animals to animats 2 : simulation of adaptive behavior: simulation of adaptive behavior
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: explorations in massively parallel microworlds
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computational models for the formation of protocell structures
Artificial Life
Swarm intelligence
Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots
Neurotechnology for Biomimetic Robots
Self-Organization in Biological Systems
Self-Organization in Biological Systems
Minimalist coherent swarming of wireless networked autonomous mobile robots
ICSAB Proceedings of the seventh international conference on simulation of adaptive behavior on From animals to animats
Optimization based on bacterial chemotaxis
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in amultidimensional complex space
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Using distributed partial memories to improve self-organizing collective movements
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Collective-movement teams for cooperative problem solving
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering - Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
A distributed learning algorithm for particle systems
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
ECAL'07 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Advances in artificial life
Parsimonious rule generation for a nature-inspired approach to self-assembly
ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems (TAAS)
ICONIP'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Neural Information Processing - Volume Part II
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Self-organizing particle systems consist of numerous autonomous, purely reflexive agents ("particles") whose collective movements through space are determined primarily by local influences they exert upon one another. Inspired by biological phenomena (bird flocking, fish schooling, etc.), particle systems have been used not only for biological modeling, but also increasingly for applications requiring the simulation of collective movements such as computer-generated animation. In this research, we take some first steps in extending particle systems so that they not only move collectively, but also solve simple problems. This is done by giving the individual particles (agents) a rudimentary intelligence in the form of a very limited memory and a top-down, goal-directed control mechanism that, triggered by appropriate conditions, switches them between different behavioral states and thus different movement dynamics. Such enhanced particle systems are shown to be able to function effectively in performing simulated search-and-collect tasks. Further, computational experiments show that collectively moving agent teams are more effective than similar but independently moving ones in carrying out such tasks, and that agent teams of either type that split off members of the collective to protect previously acquired resources are most effective. This work shows that the reflexive agents of contemporary particle systems can readily be extended to support goal-directed problem solving while retaining their collective movement behaviors. These results may prove useful not only for future modeling of animal behavior, but also in computer animation, coordinated movement control in robotic teams, particle swarm optimization, and computer games.