Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Unified theories of cognition
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Temporal difference learning and TD-Gammon
Communications of the ACM
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NeuroAnimator: fast neural network emulation and control of physics-based models
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
It knows what you're going to do: adding anticipation to a Quakebot
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Composable controllers for physics-based character animation
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Learning procedural knowledge through observation
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Knowledge capture
GameBots: a flexible test bed for multiagent team research
Communications of the ACM - Internet abuse in the workplace and Game engines in scientific research
Layered Learning in Multiagent Systems: A Winning Approach to Robotic Soccer
Layered Learning in Multiagent Systems: A Winning Approach to Robotic Soccer
Machine Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning
Integrated learning for interactive synthetic characters
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Multiagent Systems: A Survey from a Machine Learning Perspective
Autonomous Robots
Rational Coordination in Multi-Agent Environments
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Motion synthesis from annotations
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
An introduction to variable and feature selection
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Learning behavior-selection by emotions and cognition in a multi-goal robot task
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Accelerating reinforcement learning through imitation
Accelerating reinforcement learning through imitation
Generic personality and emotion simulation for conversational agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Reinforcement learning: a survey
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
A layered brain architecture for synthetic creatures
IJCAI'01 Proceedings of the 17th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Learning a model of a web user's interests
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
SETN '08 Proceedings of the 5th Hellenic conference on Artificial Intelligence: Theories, Models and Applications
Learning policies for embodied virtual agents through demonstration
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Puppet Master: designing reactive character behavior by demonstration
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Dynamic generation of human-populated VR models for workspace ergonomic evaluation
ICDHM'07 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Digital human modeling
Intelligent virtual humans with autonomy and personality: State-of-the-art
Intelligent Decision Technologies
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Adaptation (online learning) by autonomous virtual characters, due to interaction with a human user in a virtual environment, is a difficult and important problem in computer animation. In this article we present a novel multi-level technique for fast character adaptation. We specifically target environments where there is a cooperative or competitive relationship between the character and the human that interacts with that character.In our technique, a distinct learning method is applied to each layer of the character's behavioral or cognitive model. This allows us to efficiently leverage the character's observations and experiences in each layer. This also provides a convenient temporal distinction between what observations and experiences provide pertinent lessons for each layer. Thus the character can quickly and robustly learn how to better interact with any given unique human user, relying only on observations and natural performance feedback from the environment (no explicit feedback from the human). Our technique is designed to be general, and can be easily integrated into most existing behavioral animation systems. It is also fast and memory efficient.