Speech and expression: a computer solution to face animation
Proceedings on Graphics Interface '86/Vision Interface '86
Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Perceptual modeling for the behavioral animation of fishes
Pacific Graphics '94 Proceedings of the second Pacific conference on Fundamentals of computer graphics
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Affective computing
Lip movement synthesis from speech based on hidden Markov models
Speech Communication - Special issue on auditory-visual speech processing
Where to look? Automating attending behaviors of virtual human characters
Proceedings of the third annual conference on Autonomous Agents
Embodiment in conversational interfaces: Rea
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamically altering agent behaviors using natural language instructions
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
The EMOTE model for effort and shape
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Messages embedded in gaze of interface agents --- impression management with agent's gaze
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A step toward irrationality: using emotion to change belief
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Introduction to Multiagent Systems
Introduction to Multiagent Systems
Integrated learning for interactive synthetic characters
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer generated animation of faces
ACM '72 Proceedings of the ACM annual conference - Volume 1
Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Feature Point Based Mesh Deformation Applied to MPEG-4 Facial Animation
DEFORM '00/AVATARS '00 Proceedings of the IFIP TC5/WG5.10 DEFORM'2000 Workshop and AVATARS'2000 Workshop on Deformable Avatars
SimHuman: A Platform for Real-Time Virtual Agents with Planning Capabilities
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Representing and Parameterizing Agent Behaviors
CA '02 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Bottom-Up Visual Attention for Virtual Human Animation
CASA '03 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2003)
Introducing human-like hearing perception in intelligent virtual agents
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Learning behavior-selection by emotions and cognition in a multi-goal robot task
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Caring for Agents and Agents that Care: Building Empathic Relations with Synthetic Agents
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Integrating Autonomous Behavior and User Control for Believable Agents
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
Personalised Real-Time Idle Motion Synthesis
PG '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics and Applications, 12th Pacific Conference
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Fast multi-level adaptation for interactive autonomous characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Variations in gesturing and speech by GESTYLE
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - Special Issue: The Very Best Papers from CASA 2004
Generic personality and emotion simulation for conversational agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Transferable videorealistic speech animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ALMA: a layered model of affect
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
A knowledge-based scenario framework to support intelligent planning characters
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
High-level control posture of story characters based on personality and emotion
Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment
Interactions with a moody robot
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCHI/SIGART conference on Human-robot interaction
AI Game Development
Eye communication in a conversational 3D synthetic agent
AI Communications
Implementing expressive gesture synthesis for embodied conversational agents
GW'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Gesture in Human-Computer Interaction and Simulation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
MPEG-4 facial animation technology: survey, implementation, and results
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Intelligent virtual characters has been subject to exponential growth in the last decades and they are utilized in many application areas such as education, training, human-computer interfaces and entertainment. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art of virtual human mentioning about the use of intelligent decision technologies in order to build virtual human architectures. We consider various aspects such as autonomy, interaction and personification. Each of these aspects comes to prominence in different applications. This survey provides a novel insight to the current state of designing and modeling virtual humans using different decision technologies and can be used as a basis for several future directions.