Performance-driven hand-drawn animation
NPAR '00 Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Image Analysis for Digital Media Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Emotional facial expression model building
Pattern Recognition Letters
An MPEG-4 Tool for Composing 3D Scenes
IEEE MultiMedia
Facial expressional image synthesis controlled by emotional parameters
Pattern Recognition Letters
Performance-driven hand-drawn animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Three-dimensional facial adaptation for MPEG-4 talking heads
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Games
Automatic head and facial feature extraction based on geometry variations
Computer-Aided Design
Facial expression recognition based on rough set theory and SVM
RSKT'06 Proceedings of the First international conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology
Personalized facial animation based on 3d model fitting from two orthogonal face images
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
A video based personalized face model generation approach for network 3d games
ICEC'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Entertainment Computing
Facial geometry parameterisation based on Partial Differential Equations
Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
A Robust Facial Feature Tracking Method Based on Optical Flow and Prior Measurement
International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence
A Review on 3D Signing Avatars: Benefits, Uses and Challenges
International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering & Management
Three-dimensional cartoon facial animation based on art rules
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Feature selection for improved 3D facial expression recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
Intelligent virtual humans with autonomy and personality: State-of-the-art
Intelligent Decision Technologies
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The emerging MPEG-4 standard specifies an object-based audiovisual representation framework, integrating both natural and synthetic content. Tools supporting three-dimensional facial animation will be standardized for the first time. To support facial animation decoders with different degrees of complexity, MPEG-4 uses a profiling strategy, which foresees the specification of object types, profiles, and levels adequate to the various relevant application classes. This paper first gives an overview of the MPEG-4 facial animation technology. Subsequently, the paper describes the Institute Superior Tecnico implementation of an MPEG-4 facial animation system, then evaluates the performance of the various tools standardized, using the MPEG-4 test material