Free-form deformation of solid geometric models
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Animated deformations with radial basis functions
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Example-Based Caricature Generation with Exaggeration
PG '02 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Improved automatic caricature by feature normalization and exaggeration
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Modeling expressive 3D caricatures
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Sketches
Building highly realistic facial modeling and animation: a survey
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Interactive 3D caricature generation based on double sampling
MM '09 Proceedings of the 17th ACM international conference on Multimedia
The 3D caricature face modeling based on aesthetic formulae
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry
Expressive MPEG-4 Facial Animation Using Quadratic Deformation Models
CGIV '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Seventh International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization
Automatic Generation of 3D Caricatures Based on Artistic Deformation Styles
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Generic Framework for Efficient 2-D and 3-D Facial Expression Analogy
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
MPEG-4 facial animation technology: survey, implementation, and results
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Learning and synthesizing MPEG-4 compatible 3-D face animation from video sequence
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Three-dimensional (3D) cartoon facial animation is one step further than the challenging 3D caricaturing which generates 3D still caricatures only. In this paper, a聽3D cartoon facial animation system is developed for a subject given only a single frontal face image of a neutral expression. The system is composed of three steps consisting of 3D cartoon face exaggeration, texture processing, and 3D cartoon facial animation. By following caricaturing rules of artists, instead of mathematical formulations, 3D cartoon face exaggeration is accomplished at both global and local levels. As a result, the final exaggeration is capable of depicting the characteristics of an input face while achieving artistic deformations. In the texture processing step, texture coordinates of the vertices of the cartoon face model are obtained by mapping the parameterized grid of the standard face model to a cartoon face template and aligning the input face to the face template.Finally, 3D cartoon facial animation is implemented in the MPEG-4 animation framework. In order to avoid time-consuming construction of a face animation table, we propose to utilize the tables of existing models through model mapping. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed system.