A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive graphics for plastic surgery: a task-level analysis and implementation
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Image Warping with Scattered Data Interpolation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Analyzing Facial Expressions for Virtual Conferencing
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Modeling, Tracking and Interactive Animation of Faces and Heads Using Input from Video
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Facial Deformations for MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A Theory of Networks for Approximation and Learning
A Theory of Networks for Approximation and Learning
3D Modeling and Tracking of Human Lip Motions
ICCV '98 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision
Planar Bones for MPEG-4 Facial Animation
TPCG '03 Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2003
Informal prototyping of continuous graphical interactions by demonstration
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Expressive speech-driven facial animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Modeling and animating for the dense laser-scanned face in the low resolution level
MS'06 Proceedings of the 17th IASTED international conference on Modelling and simulation
Exaggeration of extremely detailed 3d faces
IMSA'06 Proceedings of the 24th IASTED international conference on Internet and multimedia systems and applications
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Transferring of Speech Movements from Video to 3D Face Space
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Mesh resolution augmentation using 3D skin bank
Computer-Aided Design
Analysis of segmented human body scans
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Instant Casting Movie Theater: The Future Cast System
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Expression mimicking: from 2D monocular sequences to 3D animations
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Craniofacial reconstruction based on MLS deformation
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Reflecting user faces in avatars
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Interactive region-based linear 3D face models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Human face animation based on video analysis, with applications to mobile entertainment
Journal of Mobile Multimedia
Real-time facial animation from live video tracking
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
An efficient virtual aesthetic surgery model based on 2d color photograph
PCM'05 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part II
3D face modeling from ancient Kabuki drawings
VAST'05 Proceedings of the 6th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
3D Face Reconstruction from Two Orthogonal Images for Face Recognition Applications
International Journal of Digital Library Systems
Three-dimensional cartoon facial animation based on art rules
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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We present a novel approach to creating deformations of polygonal models using Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) to produce localized real-time deformations. Radial Basis Functions assume surface smoothness as a minimal constraint and animations produce smooth displacements of affected vertices in a model. Animations are produced by controlling an arbitrary sparse set of control points defined on or near the surface of the model. The ability to directly manipulate a facial surface with a small number of point motions facilitates an intuitive method for creating facial expressions for virtual environment applications such as an immersive teleconferencing system or entertainment. Smooth deformations of the human face or other models are possible and illustrated with examples of a variety of expressions and mouth shapes.