Modeling with triangular B-splines
SMA '93 Proceedings on the second ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applications
3-D Motion Estimation in Model-Based Facial Image Coding
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Dynamic 3-D Scene Analysis Through Synthesis Feedback Control
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Animated deformations with radial basis functions
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A fuzzy rule-based interactive methodology for training multimedia actors
VIP '00 Selected papers from the Pan-Sydney workshop on Visualisation - Volume 2
Online face analysis: coupling head pose-tracking with face expression analysis
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Achieving effective floor control with a low-bandwidth gesture-sensitive videoconferencing system
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Eyebrow Movement Analysis over Real-Time Video Sequences for Synthetic Representation
AMDO '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Shape and appearance models of talking faces for model-based tracking
AMFG '03 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures
Semantic 3D motion retargeting for facial animation
APGV '06 Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Applied perception in graphics and visualization
Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions with hand-generated muscle actuation basis
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Courses
Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions with hand-generated muscle actuation basis
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Three-dimensional facial adaptation for MPEG-4 talking heads
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Weight Compensated Motion Estimation for Facial Deformation Analysis
ICIAR '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition
Facial expression biometrics using statistical shape models
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on recent advances in biometric systems: a signal processing perspective
3D head tracking based on recognition and interpolation using a time-of-flight depth sensor
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Real-Time avatar animation steered by live body motion
ICIAP'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Facial geometry parameterisation based on Partial Differential Equations
Mathematical and Computer Modelling: An International Journal
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We present a method for estimating 3D motion from 2D image sequences showing head and shoulder scenes typical of video telephone and teleconferencing applications. Our 3D model specifies the color and shape of the person in the video. Additionally, the model constrains facial motion and deformation to a set of facial expressions represented by the facial animation parameters (FAPs) defined by the MPEG-4 standard. Using this model, we obtain a description of both global and local 3D head motion as a function of the unknown facial parameters. Combining the 3D information with the optical flow constraint leads to a robust and linear algorithm that estimates the facial animation parameters from two successive frames with low computational complexity. Experimental results on synthetic and real data confirm the technique's applicability and show that image sequences of head and shoulder scenes can be encoded at bit rates below 0.6 Kbits.